Abstract: Coping with climate change has become the focus of the world. The essence of the international competition around climate diplomacy is still the competition of science and technology. With the generation of new strategic plans by European and American countries, the characteristics of scientific and technological competition becomes less dominant. Scientific and technological guidance will be used as a new form of scientific and technological competition. With the fierce competition in green and low-carbon technology in European and American countries and the continuous progress of China's new industrialization process, the conditions for European and American countries to implement scientific and technological traction for China's carbon dioxide peak and carbon neutrality strategy have gradually formed. It also carries out scientific and technological traction from the pressure of climate policy, transformation path traction and technical standard formulation, which finally leads to the limitation of scientific and technological innovation, the transformation of industrial structure, the inability to meet the needs of high-quality development and a series of security risks. The paper puts forward some suggestions on strengthening the dual carbon political determination, finding out the development of green and low-carbon technology, improving the ability of scientific and technological innovation, coordinating development and safety, preventing and resolving risks and deepening the international cooperation.