智能可穿戴装置设计中的价值和责任

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科学技术的发展使技术人工物不断趋于智能化。智能可穿戴装置作为技术人工物的一种，以解决人类生产和生活问题的功能性装置为主。现代科学不仅要关心如何为智能可穿戴装置提供技术应用，还要思考如何将道德价值和伦理责任设计到智能可穿戴装置中，这是智能人工物技术治理中不容忽视的问题。本文通过技术现象学还原法，追溯了智能可穿戴装置的价值和责任问题，分析了其起源和范围以及责任划分，以期为智能可穿戴设计中的技术伦理问题提供一些参考。最后得出智能可穿戴装置的价值分为其技术设计价值、道德伦理主体价值，责任则是四个主要责任主体由设计师和工程师、智能可穿戴装置、用户和政府监管单位形成了一个责任闭环。

Abstract: With the development of science and technology, technical artifacts tend to be intelligent. As a kind of technical artifact, intelligent wearable installation is mainly a functional installation to solve the problems of human production and living. Modern science should not only care about how to provide technical applications for intelligent wearable installations, but also think about how to design moral values and ethical responsibilities into intelligent wearable installations, which cannot be ignored in the technology governance of intelligent objects. Firstly, in this paper, two leftovers of intelligent wearable installations are obtained through the method of technology phenomenological reduction, one is the material structure, the other is the function - intention. The material structure of intelligent wearable installations is a technical artifact that can realize human-computer interaction by adding electronic components and sensors to the original material and connecting with the computer through the network. The function – intention of the intelligent wearable installations is to liberate the productive forces and to improve the production efficiency for the purpose, to make up for physical defects and enhance physical function, in order to obtain a comfort for human beings. Secondly, this paper traces the value and responsibility of intelligent wearable installations. The results show that: (1) The function and ethical value of intelligent wearable installations are unbalanced. The main purpose of design value is function, while the intentionality of intelligent wearable installations is ignored. (2) Different groups have different standards and cognitive systems for evaluating the design value and responsibility of intelligent wearable installations. Technically-oriented engineers believe that ethical issues are dreamed up by ethicists and they will not occur according to the development trend of intelligent wearable installations. However, ethicists think that it is too simple to discuss and solve the ethical problems of technology at the practical level. In complex ethical issues, no individual or group can know the consequences of an action through presupposition. Design ethicists can understand the complexity of the ethics of intelligent wearable installations. While engineers think technology is the first condition of intelligent wearable installations, ethical issues involved in will increase the technical challenges, the complexity of ethical issues and technology development cannot be solved at the same time of intelligent wearable installations. Thirdly, this paper analyzes the value and scope of liability of intelligent wearable installations, mainly include: (1) The technical design value of intelligent wearable installations, the technical design is the basis and premise to cognize, create and realize its technical value, which includes the attention and cognition of the value of intelligent wearable installations and has the ability to transform it into realistic value. (2) The main value of moral and ethical. In a narrow sense, design surpasses the practical value and aesthetic value and has higher theoretical value on the moral level. The purpose of design is to serve for the survival and life of human beings, to achieve happiness. (3) The responsibilities and obligations of intelligent wearable installations are to exert functions and achieve the intentionality endowed by human beings. The essence is to safely and effectively help human beings extend their physical functions and make human beings get happiness in spirit under the premise of not violating moral ethics and legal compliance. Finally, this paper summarizes the four main responsibility subjects, including designers and engineers, intelligent wearable installations, users and government regulators, forming a closed loop of responsibility.

戴文杰张小彤周洪涛. 智能可穿戴装置设计中的价值和责任[J]. 科学学研究, 2023, 41(3): 394-401.

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