Abstract: Interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team is the key carrier to promote academic entrepreneurship in universities, which plays an important role in realizing organizational innovation in universities, promoting regional economic development and enhancing national core competitiveness. However, the success rate of academic entrepreneurship in Chinese universities is not high, and it is easy to fall into the “valley of death” within 2-3 years. Scholars have two different views on the relationship between entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and performance from the perspective of enterprises based on upper echelons theory and social identity theory, this indicates that there may be differences in the relationship between different types of heterogeneity and performance of entrepreneurial teams. As the role identity of team members plays a key role in improving the performance of academic entrepreneurship, it is necessary to explore the inherent law among the heterogeneity of different types of entrepreneurial teams, role identity and academic entrepreneurial performance. This paper integrates the heterogeneity of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities into the analysis framework of the mechanism of academic entrepreneurial performance improvement, and tries to explore the mechanism and law of collaborative innovation of academic entrepreneurship from the perspective of role identity. By constructing the conceptual model of the relationship among interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team heterogeneity, role identity and academic entrepreneurial performance, combined with the survey samples of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities, this paper empirically tests the impact of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team heterogeneity on role identity and academic entrepreneurial performance, and the intermediary role of role identity in the relationship between interdisciplinary entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance. Based on theoretical and empirical research, the results show that age heterogeneity and educational background heterogeneity of social heterogeneity and industrial experience heterogeneity of functional heterogeneity of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities have significant positive effects on academic entrepreneurial performance, the occupational experience heterogeneity of functional heterogeneity of interdisciplinary entrepreneurial teams in universities has no significant negative effect on academic entrepreneurial performance. Academic identity of role identity plays a complete intermediary role between industrial experience heterogeneity of functional heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance, and academic identity plays partial intermediary roles among age heterogeneity, educational background heterogeneity of social heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance. Business identity of role identity plays a partial intermediary role between educational background heterogeneity of social heterogeneity and academic entrepreneurial performance. The theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows: firstly, most of the existing studies on entrepreneurial team heterogeneity emphasize the functional attribute of experience and ignore the role of the social attribute of identity, the study of this paper is a useful supplement. At the same time, it also provides a new theoretical explanation for the inconsistent research conclusions between entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and entrepreneurial performance, and further enriches and improves the upper echelons theory and social identity theory. Secondly, this paper goes beyond the existing research framework on the separation of team structure and role identity, and is an important supplement to entrepreneurial team theory and role identity theory. The practical enlightenment of this paper lies in: from the perspective of research samples, it is necessary not only to identify and select appropriate academic entrepreneurship partners, but also to pay attention to the role identity of team members in the process of promoting academic entrepreneurship in universities.