Abstract: Brain science is the forefront of modern science and technology development, which brings important ethical and social problems. Ethical and social issues are an important part of brain science programs. The Human Brain Project of European Union (HBP) is an example of integrating ethical and social issues into the whole program, and some of its approaches are innovative and instructive. This paper discusses the ethical governance of the HBP from the aspects of the idea, structure design, ethical governance mechanism and important research issues, summarizes its success factors, and puts forward some references for the scientific and technological ethical governance of China's brain science program and other fields.