Abstract: The intensity of basic research funds has always been a key issue of concern to all walks of life, and the determination and comparison of the intensity of China's basic research funds should be based on the premise that the statistical caliber of China and foreign countries is consistent. Taking China's basic research funding and statistical caliber as the research object, this paper analyzes the concept of basic research, the status quo of investment, existing problems, and statistical caliber. The study found that there are three problems in Basic Research in China: there is room for optimization of the execution structure; Local governments do not pay enough attention to basic research; The statistical caliber of basic research and R&D funding is not completely consistent with foreign countries, which affects the accuracy of science and technology statistics, and there is a possibility that funding is underestimated. In order to further improve the investment mechanism of basic research and ensure financial support, three suggestions are put forward: guide enterprises to attach importance to basic research investment; Encourage local governments with the capacity to attach importance to investment in basic research, and form a mechanism for the central and local governments to jointly support the development of basic research; Standardize the methods and caliber of science and technology statistics.