Abstract: Small and medium-sized supporting enterprises play a key role in the innovation of core technologies and key components, which is crucial to enhance industrial and supply chain security. However, Small and medium-sized supporting enterprises struggle with technological innovation because of the restriction of resources and capabilities. Thus, in this context, the collaboration between host manufacturers and supporting enterprises provides an important way for the technological innovation breakthrough of supporting enterprises. As suggested by some researchers, firms could generate innovation through organizational learning, resource acquisition, and social networks. While these research streams make important and unique contributions to the literature on firm innovation, the lack of attention devoted to the two-way flow of innovation resources represents a significant limitation in prior research. It is the goal of this paper to address this gap. Building on the motivation-opportunity-ability (MOA) framework, the authors propose and test a series of hypotheses using a survey of 511 samples. The research results show that the collaborative innovation participated by host manufacturers is an effective way for supporting enterprises to improve their technological innovation performance. While the collaborative innovation participated by host manufacturers provides an opportunity for enhancing the supporting enterprises' technological innovation performance, the degree to which this opportunity is realized depends upon the supporting enterprises' innovativeness(motivation), long-term cooperation orientation, and technical competence (ability). This study contributes to the literature in two ways. Firstly, from the perspective of two-way interaction, this paper reveals how the collaborative innovation participated by host manufacturers promotes technological innovation of supporting enterprises, which broadens the research horizon of technological innovation and also provides new insights and evidence for the research on technological innovation of supporting enterprises; Secondly, this paper introduces the MOA theory into the field of technological innovation, and finds that the supporting enterprises' innovativeness, long-term cooperation orientation and technical competence play an important moderating role, which enriches the research of MOA theory and expands the application scope of MOA theory in the field of technological innovation. This study provides two implications for practice. First of all, facing the challenge of interruption on core technology and key components, host manufacturers should actively create opportunities for the collaboration between host manufacturers and supporting enterprises, such as sharing their demand information with supporting enterprises to accelerate the formation of collaborative relationships, and working together with supporting enterprises to achieve better technological innovation performance. Besides, host manufacturers could also evaluate the motivation and ability conditions of supporting enterprises, and select supporting enterprises with stronger innovativeness, long-term cooperation orientation, and technical competence for technological innovation. Secondly, as the main engine of core technologies, key components, and important links, supporting enterprises should maintain a high sensitivity to the external environment in the face of new innovation needs, fully identify and utilize opportunities to obtain market information and innovation resources and promote innovation in core technologies and key components by deepening communication and feedback during the process of collaboration. Supporting enterprises need to be more proactive and continue to enhance their innovativeness, long-term cooperation orientation, and technical competence to meet innovation needs.