Abstract: Against the background of the global COVID-19 epidemic and the great changes against globalization, China's industrial technology chain is facing tremendous risks. It is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the risks of industrial technology chain based on scientific evaluation methods. Combined with the theory of technology gap and resource dependence, a three-dimensional risk measurement model of "technology level gap, technology value and substitutability" is constructed. Three major links and 15 major technologies in the chip field were selected as samples, and 443285 invention patent data were obtained to measure the risks faced by the chip industry technology chain in mainland China, Japan, South Korea, the United States, Europe and other five countries (regions) and the multi-stage evolution characteristics. The research finds that the risk index of the chip industry technology chain in Japan and the United States is the smallest, and that in mainland China is the largest; The risk index of the United States in IC design and Japan in IC manufacturing has been at the lowest level for a long time. South Korea and Europe face certain risks in all aspects. The risks faced by mainland China in all aspects are on the decline, but still relatively large. The research enriches the theoretical connotation and measurement dimension of industrial technology chain risk. The full quantitative measurement method based on the invention patent data provides a new methodology for the risk assessment of industrial technology chain. The research results are of enlightening significance to the study and judgment of the international technology situation, the prediction and investigation of industrial chain risks, and the improvement of the resilience of industrial technology chains.