Abstract: Exploring the measurement and dynamic monitoring model of patent quality has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting the high-quality development of intellectual property. Based on the theory of cost and revenue, the patent quality index model is constructed by selecting the two-dimensional indicators of patent life and patent quantity, and it is used to empirically analyze the patent quality for different types of innovation subjects in China, such as industry, university, scientific research institute and individual. The two-dimensional index model of patent quality has the following advantages: first, it overcomes the defects of existing single dimension evaluation index; Second, it can dynamically monitor the development trend of patent quality. The results of the empirical analysis show that the patent quality of Chinese industry is significantly higher than that of other types of innovation subjects, especially the high-tech innovation enterprises represented by Huawei. The quality of university patents needs to be improved. Finally, the paper discusses the reasonable value of patent quality index and the possibility of embedding this index into patent database to dynamically monitor the health and normal development degree of patent activities.