• 中国科学学与科技政策研究会
  • 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所
  • 清华大学科学技术与社会研究中心
ISSN 1003-2053 CN 11-1805/G3

科学学研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1409-1418.

• 科技发展战略与政策 • 上一篇    下一篇

美国“脱钩”政策对我国智能制造的影响研究

张化尧1,倪悦雨2,2,綦方中2,2   

  1. 1. 浙江工业大学
    2.
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-23 修回日期:2023-07-13 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 张化尧
  • 基金资助:
    “三重压力”下制造业数字化转型的新困境、新路径与政策优化研究

Research on the Impact of "Decoupling" Policy on China's Intelligent Manufacturing

  • Received:2023-04-23 Revised:2023-07-13 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-07-15

摘要: 智能制造是中美大国竞争的重点领域,美国试图以“脱钩”政策遏制中国智能制造的崛起,确保美国的数字霸权地位。本研究旨在从大国博弈的视角分析“脱钩”政策对我国的影响。研究从整个国家制造业的转型视角,基于34个上市公司的40个代表性业务,对“转型者”和“赋能者”组织内外的各种影响因素进行了深入分析。研究发现,虽然美国的数字霸权措施给企业带来了一定影响,但这种影响的面和强度都不及组织内外的其他影响因素。在产业环境和国家环境的更显著促进作用下,企业通过研发投入的增加、产业内的协作创新和替代方案开发能够进行积极化解,“脱钩”政策并不能使中国智能制造战略的实施陷入困境。本研究从整个国家制造业的转型视角对美国的“脱钩”政策影响有了更为深刻的认识,也对大国博弈下的企业数字化转型与数字能力发展有一定启发作用。

Abstract: Intelligent manufacturing is now a key area of competition between China and the United States, and the United States is attempting to curb the rise of China's intelligent manufacturing through a "decoupling" policy, ensuring its own digital hegemonic position. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the "decoupling" policy on China from the perspective of the game of major powers. The study observes these impacts from the annual reports of listed companies, accompanied by descriptions of business activities, and conducts information verification based on the official website of them, as well as national policies and research report of relevant industries. Based on 40 representative businesses of 34 listed companies, the study involves enterprises in the "intelligent manufacturing" concept sector, and enterprises in the "industrial internet", "5G", "chip" concept sector, widely reflecting the impact on "transformants" and "empowerers" to answer the true impact of the US' decoupling policy on China's intelligent manufacturing strategy. The examination includes three levels: the organizational context level, including the three dimensions of digital nativeness, internal driving force, and competitive pressure, the micro environment level, including the two dimensions of industrial chain relationship structure and customer demand, and the macro environment level, including the four dimensions of planning guidance, green regulation, market protection, and digital hegemony. The study found that although the United States' digital hegemony measures have had a certain impact on enterprises, the organizational context level and micro environment level play more important roles in affecting the digital transformation and digital empowerment of enterprises. The dimensions of digital nativeness, internal driving force, competitive pressure, relationship structure, and customer demand all have greater impacts or in higher intensity. In addition, national policy support at the macro level have also played a significant role. Although the "decoupling" policy of the United States has a stronger impact than the traditional western market protection policy, and also has a different mechanism in affecting enterprises in digitalization, i.e., the traditional market protection has promoted the digitalization of enterprises, while the digital hegemony has a bottleneck effect due to the restrictions on key hardware technologies, but the scope and intensity of the impact are not as good as other factors. Although digital key component providers and digital equipment providers have been impacted to a certain extent by the "decoupling" policy, under the more significant promotion of the industrial and national environment, enterprises have actively resolved through increased R&D investment, intra industry collaborative innovation, and alternative solutions development, which has not put the implementation of the overall intelligent manufacturing strategy in a difficult position. This study gives more profound understanding of the impact of the "decoupling" policy of the United States from the perspective of transformation of the whole country's manufacturing industry, and also has certain enlightenment on the digital transformation of enterprises and the development of digital capabilities under the game of big countries.