高产出科学家需要什么样的组织支持? ———个体认知风格与组织资源匹配的实证研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目前科研组织在提供支持性资源时，较少考虑科研人员的个体需求差异。本文基于认知风格与环境的匹配假设，从影响个体组织资源偏好的科研人员认知风格入手，尝试将科研人员在科研活动中的认知风格划分为原创型、效率型和团队型三类。通过探索不同认知风格个体需要匹配何种组织支持才能产生较高科研产出，提高对不同科研人员组织支持资源需求差异的规律性认识，为不同风格科研人员提供更加精准的支持资源提供研究依据。首先，采用模糊集定性比较分析，探索了较高科研产出情景下组织支持资源与科研人员认知风格的交互情况。其次，根据定性比较分析的组态结果，采用逐步回归检验了不同风格在组织支持影响科研产出中发挥的调节作用，验证了两类要素作用于科研产出的作用机制。研究发现，三类风格科研人员均能产生较高科研产出，但三类风格所需核心组织支持的侧重点不同：原创型风格的科研人员需要匹配薪酬待遇，效率型风格的科研人员需要匹配职业晋升机会，而团队型风格的科研人员则需要匹配更好的情感关怀和晋升机会。

关键词: 组织支持, 认知风格, 科研产出, 定性比较分析, 结构方程模型

Abstract: When scientific organizations provide support resources, they seldom consider the differences in the individual needs of scientists. Based on the matching hypothesis of cognitive style and environment, the study attempts to divide the cognitive style of scientists into three types: original style, efficient style and group tyle, from the perspective of scientists’ cognitive style that affects individual organizational resource preference. By exploring what kind of organizational support scientists with different cognitive styles need to match in order to produce higher scientific research output, improve the regularity of the differences in demand for organizational support resources of different scientists, and provide research support for more accurate support resources for scientific scientists with different cognitive styles. Firstly, the study uses fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to explore the interactive relationship between organizational support resources and researchers' cognitive style under higher scientific research output. Secondly, according to the configuration results of qualitative comparative analysis, stepwise regression is used to verify the moderating role of different styles in the influence of organizational support on scientific research output, and to verify the mechanism of the two types of elements acting on scientific research output. The study found that the three types of scientists can achieve higher scientific output, but the emphasis of organizational support required by the three styles is different: scientists with original style need to match higher salary, and scientists with efficient style need to match promotion opportunities, and group style scientific researchers need to match better emotional care and promotion opportunities.

刘意温珂游玎怡. 高产出科学家需要什么样的组织支持? ———个体认知风格与组织资源匹配的实证研究 [J]. 科学学研究, 2024, 42(8): 1675-1684.

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