Abstract: The implementation of the national innovation-driven development strategy need to fully know about the level of investment in technological innovation, and the R&D capital stock is one of the most important components. Based on the characteristics of R&D activities, this paper resets the lag period, the depreciation rate, R&D expenditures price index and the base-year capital stock, and then re-estimates the regional R&D capital stock of 31 provinces in China during 1998 and 2012 by using the Perpetual Inventory Method. Meanwhile, this paper also measures the regional disparity of R&D capital stock through the Theil index. The results show that most of the regional R&D capital stock reveals a trend of growth, but the increase of the growth rate has slowed after 2001, and the disparity of R&D capital stock is shifting from mainly intra-regional-oriented difference to mainly inter-regional-oriented difference. What’s more, the integrate disparity and inter-regional disparity take on a V-typical evolutionary track, while the disparities between different regions are diminishing and become stable.

摘要： 国家创新驱动发展战略的实施需要充分掌握中国技术创新的投入水平，而R&D资本存量是其重要组成部分。本文根据R&D活动的特点，重新设定了滞后期、折旧率、R&D支出价格指数和基期资本存量等参数，再采用永续盘存法对1998-2012年间中国31个省市区的区域R&D资本存量进行重新估算。同时，本文还采用Theil指数测算了中国R&D资本存量的地区差距。结果表明：（1）绝大部分地区的R&D资本存量均呈增长趋势，但在2001年后其增长速度逐步放缓；（2）R&D资本存量差距由以地带内的差距为主向以地带间的差距为主转变；（3）总体差距和地带间差距的演变轨迹类似于“V”型，而地带内部差距不断缩小并趋于平稳。