Based on the patent data of the Nobel Prize for Natural Science Awards winner since the 21st century, according to Tsien Hsueshen’s theory of engineering sciences and hierarchy of science and technology system, detailed evaluation and classification have been made on the achievements’ nature of the Nobel Prize for Natural Science Awards. According to the Nobel Prize related data, in the nearly 15 years, the field of physics has shown a situation that basic science and engineering sciences have equal shares of the field. However, the field of chemistry, physiology or medicine has shown an obvious trend of technological science. It means that, simply depending on the basic scientific level is hardly to achieve the ambitious goals of the Nobel Prize and the enhancement of science and technology strength. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to engineering sciences in the process of building a science and technology superpower.
Morphology analysis, a future-oriented analyzing method, has been widely used in new product development and technology opportunity analysis (TOA). However, the definition process of morphological structure relies too much on domain experts and keyword-based method has obvious deficiency, so that the practical application effect is limited. Accordingly, this paper proposed a systematic method to construct technology morphological structure, with introducing SAO semantic analysis method. To verify the feasibility and validity of the method, we conduct an empirical study in the field of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on DWPI database. The method reduces the dependency on experts further and improves the efficiency of defining morphological structure, which is helpful for technology forecasting research and application.
The paper first points out the importance of visualizing the invention process. The visualization can be facilitated by knowledge representation methods, as is pioneered in the connectionist’s analyses of creative processes. Then a weighted concept map suitable for describing invention process is designed, called invention-oriented concept map (IOCM), with its elements (concepts and relations), structure and measurement of element weights analyzed. Finally, the general process of invention and an inventor’s tacit strategies are described via dynamic construction of his IOCM, as is illustrated and justified by a real-world invention example.
Science and technology business incubator is an important policy instrument and widely used in many countries in support of science and technology enterprise innovation and entrepreneurship. The Ministry of Finance announced a tax incentives for national incubator in 2007. Based on the statistical data from 2009 to 2012 of national science and technology business incubator and implementation of tax incentives questionnaire data, this paper test whether tax incentives provided positive incentives for incubator services. So on the basis of researches of previous research, simultaneous equations are constructed to solve the endogenous of tax policy. The empirical results show, the level of economic development in the region will affect the implementation of tax incentives incubator effect. Incubators for each additional 10% tax credit, integrated service revenue increased by an average of 0.6%, an average increase of 0.4% of incubation fund, professional and technical personnel increased by 2 people.
Introducing the concept of “social technology”, which is dividing into three levels, to analyze the transitional process of science and technology park from the perspective of co-evolution of the physical technologies and social technologies. Considering the diverse developing models and paths for international science and technology park, which including market-driven, community-driven and government-driven, this paper selected three typical international park as the sample parks, studing the dynamic and mechanism in transition from “Catching up” to “Leading the way”, from “External-driven” to “Internal-driven” and from “import-driven” to “Innovating independently”. Then, exploring the experience and modes, summaring the similarities and differences in transition, which are valuable practical and theoretical enlightenment to our country’s science and technology park transition.
According to R&D-intensity of host country, Chinese OFDI flows to developed countries that are R&D-intensive and to transition and developing economies that are R&D-extensive. This paper constructs a theoretical mechanism and model of the country difference of Chinese OFDI and technological progress, and also conducts an empirical analysis based on the China’s inter-provincial panel data from 2003 to 2012 and the approach of IVFE. The results show that the country difference of Chinese OFDI has significantly different effects on technological progress. China can acquire the reserve technology spillover from developed countries, but not the transition and developing countries. In contrast, China produces positive technology output to them. The total amount of the reserve technology spillover from developed countries is digested and absorbed by the human capital. The total amount of positive technology output to transition and developing countries is partly shared and recovered by home R&D cost.
To study the relationship between technological progress and OFDI is very meaningful for understanding the intrinsic mechanism and spillover effects of China’s OFDI expansion. Based on multinational panel data from 176 host countries(regions), the paper empirically studies the interactive relationship between China’s OFDI and technological progress. The results show that the technological progress can promote the expansion of China’s OFDI, and China’s OFDI can also promote the technological progress, the two-way interactive effects are very significant.In addition, this paper also investigates the interactive relationship between China’s OFDI and technological progress in OECD countries and non-OECD countries respectively. The study found that for the non-OECD countries, the positive effect of the technological progress on OFDI is relatively weaker, and the positive effect of China’s OFDI on the technological progress is relatively stronger; while for the OECD countries, the positive effect of the technological progress on OFDI is relatively stronger, and the positive effect of China’s OFDI on the technological progress is relatively weaker. According to the results, we believe that it is ought to carry out the “going out” strategy to promote the good interactive relationship, and at the same time it is ought to fully consider the differences between the developed countries and the developing countries.
The implementation of the national innovation-driven development strategy need to fully know about the level of investment in technological innovation, and the R&D capital stock is one of the most important components. Based on the characteristics of R&D activities, this paper resets the lag period, the depreciation rate, R&D expenditures price index and the base-year capital stock, and then re-estimates the regional R&D capital stock of 31 provinces in China during 1998 and 2012 by using the Perpetual Inventory Method. Meanwhile, this paper also measures the regional disparity of R&D capital stock through the Theil index. The results show that most of the regional R&D capital stock reveals a trend of growth, but the increase of the growth rate has slowed after 2001, and the disparity of R&D capital stock is shifting from mainly intra-regional-oriented difference to mainly inter-regional-oriented difference. What’s more, the integrate disparity and inter-regional disparity take on a V-typical evolutionary track, while the disparities between different regions are diminishing and become stable.
In the age of economic globalization and transition, China firms are facing new opportunities and challenges. Especially, the firms in high technology industries are urgent in need to change the development model and enhance the function of innovation driven to firm growth. Therefore, the importance of firm intellectual property development and construction of their capacity has been reached unprecedented heights. And, study about firm intellectual property capacity become a important theoretic problem. In the paper, we have discussed the relationship mechanism among firm intellectual property capacity, the construction of intellectual property capacity and the firm growth. And, internal and external factors affecting on firm intellectual property capacity have been analyzed. The empirical study using 103 China listed companies of computer application industry in Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange market found that there is significant positive relationship between firm intellectual property capacity and firm growth. Firm openness, technological level and input level are main internal factors affecting on firm intellectual property capacity. On the other hand, regional intellectual property protection degree , industrial openness, regional technological level are main external factors affecting on firm intellectual property capacity.
On the basis of investigations to 339 managers or R&D employees from 122 strategic emerging corporations, this paper reveals the linkage mechanism among knowledge spillover, innovative intention and innovative capacity under the context of open innovation. The results show that firstly both knowledge spillovers and innovative intention have a prominently positive effect on innovative capacity, secondly, the impact of knowledge spillovers on innovative intention varies along with the enhancement of knowledge spillover, producing an inverse-U relationship and finally, R&D novelty plays a partial mediating effect between knowledge spillover and innovative capacity. The results provide a theoretical and methodological contribution to the study of relationship between knowledge spillover and enterprise innovation, and can thus improve knowledge spillover impact and innovation performance in practice of Chinese strategic emerging enterprises.
Existed theories related to the inherent mechanism as to how knowledge transforms into radical innovation are still unclear, which may lead a firm to be puzzled by how to gain competitive advantage via external knowledge. The study, with the 208 High-tech enterprises in China as an object of investigation, discusses the relationship between knowledge attribute (tacit knowledge and complexity knowledge) and enterprise radical innovation, and analyses with contingency approach the moderating effects that enterprise social capital makes in knowledge attribute and radical innovation. The results show that, complexity knowledge has direct effects on radical innovation. In addition, with the structural dimension enhances, enterprises will absorb more outside tacit knowledge to turn into radical innovations and with the cognitive dimension enhances, enterprises will absorb more outside complexity knowledge to turn into radical innovations. Finally, the present paper discusses managerial implication and future research.
Research organizations’ development is closely related to its strategic management and how to achieve the strategy-driven development of research organizations is a topic worthy of focusing on. Since the current research basis on research organizations’ strategic management and development model is weak, the paper selects grounded theory to do coding analysis on the Max Planck Society, Dalian Institute of chemical Physics, Institute of computing Technology, Institute of Psychology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, which comes to four driving factors including vision, mission, competitive advantage and scientific issues and passes the saturation analysis. By analyzing the logical relationship among the driving factors, strategic positioning is the core element to achieve strategy-driven development. Strategic positioning determines strategy, and the paper constructs the security system which contains four key elements including governance structure, innovation culture, change management and evaluation system by analyzing the strategy continuing, strategic adaptability and strategic execution. The mechanism of the strategy-driven research organizations’ development models is formed by combining the driving factor matrix and security system.
Based on the micro level of analysis, the paper takes the 143 researchers in the field of "technological innovation" as the sample, and investigates the science funding’s incentive effect under the condition of randomized simulation experiment，i.e., Using the method of propensity score stratification, we compare the output differences of researchers between two states of "not being granted with science funding" and "being granted with science funding". The empirical results indicate that compared with the researchers that are not granted with the science funding, the researchers who are granted with the science funding generally have higher research output. In addition, researchers with the science funding support under higher probability usually have higher research output. However, there are no obvious research output differences between researchers who are granted with the science funding support under low probability and those who are not granted with the science funding support under medium probability. In addition, compared with the researchers who are granted with the science funding support under medium probability, researchers who are not granted with the science funding support under the highest probability have higher research output. The research conclusions have implications for science funding support policy.
How and when to enter the market will determine the success of the latecomer firms’ market entry.As the hot spot in the research of innovation and strategic,disruptive innovation provide a new path for the latecomer firms’ market entry.This paper studies the timing of latecomer firms’ market entry based on disruptive innovation and the case from Xiaomi.The study found that, in the aspect of market timing,the huge market demand and the level of competition is the premise condition for market entry;in the aspect of technology timing,mature technology, low cost and difficulty on technology acquisition play an important role;in the aspect of industry timing,the new industry value chain and mature industry environment will determine the success of market entry;in the aspect of policy timing,industrial policy support and financing policy support provide more help.
In the cooperative innovation network, the complementary resources possessed by the innovation subject is the key factor to determine the cooperative innovation performance. Based on the resources dependence theory and the cooperative innovation theory, an empirical model involving the affect mechanism of complementary resources on cooperative innovation performance is built through interactive capability and network ties strength．By means of confirmatory factor analysis and the regression models of mediating effect and moderating effect, this paper got the conclusions that the complementary resources positively relevant with the cooperative innovation performance. Complementary resources positively influence the cooperative innovation performance by means of the mediating effect of interactive capability. The network ties strength has significantly moderating effect on the relationship between complementary resource and cooperative innovation performance, as well interactive capability and cooperative innovation performance.
During the process of customer collaboration in product innovation, one important thing is to match product innovation tasks and collaborative customers reasonably, which help to make full use of customers’ knowledge and ability, and promote the results of collaboration. This paper first proposes a matching strategy according to the characteristics of customer collaborative product innovation. Then, the concept of fuzzy matching degree is put forward to measure the matching degree between customers and tasks. On this basis, we take the maximum of fuzzy matching degree between them as target to build matching model. By using ranking method, we can solve this model and determine the optimal matching scheme. In this way, this study deals with the matching problem between product innovation tasks and collaborative customers under the cost and time constraints. The empirical results illustrates that the proposed model and method is reasonable, achievable and easy to operate, the conclusion of analysis is capable of helping decision maker to assign customers to product innovation tasks.
Proactive personality and job satisfaction are positive factors of employee innovative behavior. Based on the statistical data from 247 questionnaires of Chinese pharmaceutical biotechnology companies, some conclusions were drawn from the research: (1) proactive personality has a significant positive effect on employee innovative behavior; (2) job satisfaction affects employee innovative behavior in an "U" shaped relation; (3) job satisfaction higher than the average level has a moderating effect on proactive personality-employee innovation behavior relationship.
