Abstract: The innovation resources misallocation is an important reason for the low efficiency of China's overall innovation. Structural misallocation is an important aspect. Through constructing a model to calculate resources misallocation degree between departments, using the industrial data from 2005 to 2015, this paper finds that: the innovation resources misallocation degree between regions is most serious, which leads to innovation efficiency loss of 17.4%. Inputs in the northeast and northwest regions is excessivet, while insufficient in the southeast and southwest regions. Misallocation between ownerships is the second, which leads to innovation efficiency loss of 6.56%. Inputs of the state sector is excessive seriously relative to the non-state sector. The last is misallocation between the high and non-high technology industry, which leads to innovation efficiency loss of 0.53%. Inputs in the high technology industry is still relatively insufficient, specially in the medical equipment manufacturing industry. The further analysis finds that the three types of structural misallocation all are mainly reflected in R&D funding compared to R&D labor.

摘要： 创新资源错配乃中国总体创新效率较低的重要原因，其中结构性错配是重要方面。通过构建部门间资源错配程度测算模型，并利用2005-2015年工业数据，研究表明：创新资源的区域结构性错配最为严重，其导致创新效率及产出损失17.4%，而这样的错配主要表现在东北及西北地区资源投入过度，而东南及西南地区却相对不足；其次是所有制结构错配，在国有部门创新资源投入严重过度的情况下，其导致创新效率及产出损失6.56%；最后是高技术产业与非高技术产业间的错配，其导致创新效率及产出损失0.53%，而高技术产业的资源投入依然相对不足，尤其是医疗设备制造业。而进一步分析发现，三类结构性错配都表现出研发物质资本错配比研发人力资本错配严重的局面。