Abstract: The optimization of entrepreneurial ecosystem is an important issue facing the current entrepreneurial practice in China, and it is also a hot topic in the field of entrepreneurial research. The entrepreneurial policies plays an important role in optimizing the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and is a useful perspective for understanding the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Constructing a theoretical analysis framework of the “subject-environment” entrepreneurial ecosystem based on policy perspective. Taking a sample of 4391 national-level entrepreneurial policies from 1978 to 2018, using the policy bibliometrics and policy content analysis method, studies the development process and evolution characteristics of China's entrepreneurship ecosystem from the entrepreneurial subject and the entrepreneurial environment. The results show that: the nature of the entrepreneurial subject group evolved from the dominant subject, the elite subject, and the weak subject to the mass subject; the first element of the entrepreneurial environment evolved from entrepreneurial propaganda, social entrepreneurship training to the physical infrastructure; and the coordinated development of the multi-field external elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem has initially emerged.

摘要： 创业生态系统构建优化是当前我国创业实践面临的重要问题，也是创业研究领域的热点论题。创业政策对创业生态系统优化具有重要推动作用，是认识创业生态系统的有益角度。构建基于政策视角的“主体-环境”中国创业生态系统发展演进理论分析框架，以改革开放40年来国家层面的4391篇创业政策为数据来源，采用政策文献计量和政策本文内容分析方法，从创业主体要素、创业外部环境要素两个方面研究中国创业生态系统的发展过程和演进特征。研究结果表明：我国创业主体经历了率性主体、精英主体、弱势主体向大众主体的演进；系统环境首位要素由创业宣传、社会创业培训向有形基础设施演进；系统外部环境要素多领域协同发展的格局初步显现。