Abstract: Social science and technology awards occupies a significant position in the S&T award system. Our early studies have shown that social S&T awards with higher reputation and wider influence are mostly established in developed countries. Therefore, as a comparative study of government S&T award system, we focus on the social S&T award system in developed countries. First of all, we select a total of 27 representative social S&T awards from 5 major developed countries, and we analyze the main characteristics from the following research dimensions: field-oriented, reward form, assessment criteria, and selection process. Then, the above analysis shows that the historical accumulation and influence of social S&T awards coexist in the major developed countries, but there are differences. Finally, on the basis of an overview of the development of Chinese social S&T awards, we try to put forward several enlightenment and suggestions on how to improve the social S&T award system in China by reasonably drawing on the advantages in developed countries, and combining with China's national conditions and reality.

摘要： 社会科技奖励在科技奖励制度中占据显著地位，前期研究表明，知名度更高、影响力更广泛的社会科技奖励大多产生于科技发达国家。因此，作为政府科技奖励制度的对比研究，本研究聚焦于科技发达国家的社会科技奖励制度，选择覆盖美国、欧洲国家、日本等五国共计27种有代表性的社会科技奖励，以面向领域、奖励方式、评选标准、评审过程为主要调研维度，剖析各国社会科技奖励制度的突出特点。比较发现，主要发达国家社会科技奖励历史积淀与影响力并存，各国社会科技奖励制度有相似也有不同。继而，在概览我国社会科技奖励发展现状的基础上，结合我国国情与现实，提出助力我国科技奖励制度改革的启示建议。