Abstract: Abstract: Scientists are an important source of scientific information, discoverers and creators of scientific knowledge, scientific methods and spirit. They play a vital role in spreading accurate information and avoiding scientific fallacies. Therefore, scientists' involvement in science communication is of great research value. However, there have been multiple barriers and problems with scientists' involvement in science communication, both in terms of actual action and existing effectiveness. Based on related international research progress in the field of science communication in the recent years, this paper compares the reality of Chinese scientists and reviews the research landscape of scientists' participation in science communication from three perspectives: the driving factors of scientists' participation, their interaction with the public and social media, and their training in science communication skills. The results show that, at the driving value level, internal factors such as social responsibility, enjoyment drive and external incentive factors jointly as well as external factors such as social acceptance and in-group meaning affect the results of scientists' participation in science communication activities. However, limited time and funding, lack of support from colleagues, and the incomplete evaluation system of science communication are all obstacles that cannot be ignored. Scientists are less motivated to engage in science communication which need to be supported by a strong science and technology management system. At the level of interaction relationship, scientists communicate science through interactions with the public and social media. At the same time, Scientists' popularity, trustworthiness, authority, communication style and the public perception are important factors to affect public cognition of science. However, although scientists have taken the initiative to improve their interaction with the public and have achieved some success, disagreements and lack of cooperation with the media have also made their science communication efforts weak. In terms of capacity improvement, relevant scientific training programs, especially those originated in the Americas, have promoted scientists to improve their skills in science communication. However, on the one hand, the effectiveness evaluation of these projects lacks of unified and effective standards, which leads to many disputes. On the other hand, scholars mostly discuss the viewpoints, backgrounds and training methods of project trainers. In the future, more empirical research needs to be carried out on participation motivation, influencing factors and training effects. In this context, the work of science communication in China is more difficult, and the relevant research progress is lagging behind. Therefore, establishing detailed and feasible supporting policies, dividing the contribution proportion of science communication practice to scientific research, and establishing systematic science ability training programs are all important ways to help Chinese scientists improve the ability and efficiency of science communication. In a word, by looking at the overall picture of scientists' participation in science communication from an international perspective, we can identify the obstacles and shortcomings that they face, which will provide inspiration for improving the current situation of science communication in China.

摘要： 科学家是科学信息的重要来源，是科学知识、科学方法和科学精神的发现者和创建者，在传播准确信息、避免科学谬误方面起到了至关重要的作用，因此，其参与科学传播的情况具有重要的研究价值。然而无论是从行动还是从效果而言，科学家参与科学传播一直存在着多方面的障碍和问题。本文以科学传播领域近年国际研究进展为参照，对比我国科学家的现实状况，从科学家参与科学传播的驱动因素、与公众和社交媒体的互动关系以及科学传播能力培训情况这三个方面出发，对科学家参与科学传播的研究图景展开分析与评述。结果显示，在驱动价值层面，社会责任感、乐趣驱动等内在因素以及社会认可度、群体归属意义等外部激励因素共同作用于科学家参与科学传播活动的结果，但总体看来，时间和经费有限、缺乏同事支持以及科学传播评估体系的不健全等因素都是不可忽视的阻碍，科学家参与科学传播还需要强有力的科技管理体制予以支持；在互动关系层面，科学家通过与公众和社交媒体的互动来传播科学，科学家的知名度、可信任度、权威性、传播风格、公众感知关系等是影响公众对科学认知的重要因素，然而，尽管科学家主动尝试改善与公众的互动关系并取得一定成效，但与媒体的分歧和缺乏默契配合也让他们的科学传播努力显得势单力薄；在能力提升层面，相关科学培训项目特别是源自于美洲的培训推动着科学家来提升自身进行科学传播技能，但是一方面，这些项目的效果评估缺乏统一有效的标准，因而争议不断；另一方面，学者多是将项目培训师的观点、背景及培训方法联系起来进行定性分析讨论，未来有待于在参与动机、影响因素以及培训效果方面进行更多的实证研究。在此背景下，我国的科学传播工作更显艰难、相关的研究进展也更为滞后。因此，建立详细可行的支持政策、划分科学传播实践对科研事业的贡献比重、打造系统化的科学能力培训项目都是助力我国科学家提升科学传播能力和效率的重要途径。总之，立足国际视野下科学家参与科学传播的整体面貌，找寻其面临的阻碍和存在的短板，将为改善我国的科学传播现状提供现实启发和借鉴。