Abstract: Under the initiative of mass entrepreneurship and innovation, universities and research institutions have become the new force to highlight the innovative spirit and explore the entrepreneurial gene, and academic entrepreneurship has become an important engine to promote the construction of national innovation system. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated a series of policy documents including the opinions on deepening the reform of the system and mechanism for talent development in 2016, which supports researchers in universities or research institutes to start their own businesses, and encourages the application of scientific and technological advances from the scientists and universities. Although the policy environment is improving and the entrepreneurial activities are growing larger, the academic entrepreneurship still faces the three dilemmas of low success rate, low level and low performance, and the academic entrepreneurial teams have typical problems such as role conflict, inferior identity transformation and sustainable development. How to build a sustainable development mechanism has become an urgent problem for academic entrepreneurship teams, which is also a topic of concern for the university administrators to deepen the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Since the promulgation of the Bayh-Dole Act, foreign scholars have paid attention to the functions of universities in the national innovation system and discussed the impact of system design and technology transfer policies on university spin-off companies, while domestic scholars have focused on the derivative model of scientific and technological enterprises of research universities, and carried out the localization research of derivative enterprises in combination with the system situation and university functions. Compared with the traditional entrepreneurs, academic entrepreneurs have the dual characteristics of scientists and entrepreneurs, and the operation mode and incentive mechanism of academic entrepreneurship team have distinct characteristics. First, the team members mostly are academic entrepreneurs whose entrepreneurial thinking does not fully follow the effect decision-making logic. They cannot balance the R&D activities and operations management because of the unique professional experience. Second, they are facing the competitive goal of winning academic priority and realizing commercial value, which need scholars to leap from scientific research network to industrial network. Third, the risk and conversion cost of academic entrepreneurship are high, and the scholars have a good academic status and a stable salary system before entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the opportunity cost and expected return when choosing entrepreneurship. Existing studies have found that improving social capital and reducing conversion costs are conducive to cultivating academic entrepreneurs, and member heterogeneity can promote the financial performance of university spin-off companies. However, few studies consider the group particularity of academic entrepreneurial teams, and how to design the cooperation mode and task relationship has become a key problem for the sustainable development of academic entrepreneurial teams. Based on the organizational ecology theory and tournament motivation theory, the research analyzes the "double-edged sword" effect of cooperative relationship on the willingness of continue cooperation, and discusses the effect of task relationship and cooperation quality on the mechanism of sustainable development from the perspective of process and outcome. The results show that cooperative relationship has an inverted U-shaped effect on both the quality of cooperation and the willingness to continue cooperation in academic entrepreneurial teams. Much longer or shorter cooperation time will weaken the cooperative quality and reduce the willingness to cooperate. Cooperative quality fully mediated the effect of cooperative relationship on the willingness to continue cooperation from the outcome perspective, and the mediating effect decreases with the increase of cooperative relationship. Task independence negatively moderates the effect of cooperative relationship on process quality from the perspective of process, while task dependence positively moderates the effect of cooperative relationship on outcome quality. The conclusion deconstructs the operation mechanism of academic entrepreneurial team and provides a reference for the reform of university science and technology system under the innovation-driven development strategy.

摘要： 学术创业是科研人员转化创新成果的重要方式，其创业特质与创新政策受到学者们的广泛关注，却忽视了学术创业团队的可持续发展机制。基于组织生态理论与锦标赛激励理论，本文以高校学术创业团队为研究对象，分析了合作关系对持续合作意愿的“双刃剑”效应，从过程与结果视角分别探讨了任务关系与合作质量在团队可持续发展机制中的作用效果。研究表明：学术创业团队中，合作关系对合作质量和持续合作意愿均具有倒U型影响，合作时间过长或过短都会削弱合作质量、降低合作意愿；从结果视角来看，合作质量在合作关系对持续合作意愿的影响中起完全中介作用，并且中介效应随着合作关系的增强而减弱；从过程视角来看，任务独立负向调节合作关系对过程质量的影响，任务依赖则正向调节合作关系对结果质量的影响效果。研究结论解构了学术创业团队的运行机制，为创新驱动战略下高校科技体制改革提供了参考依据。