Abstract: Innovation has been assumed to have played a vital role in the ever-changing global competitive environment, and the driving forces of innovation have also been changing. In addition to the traditional ones-the market and the government-, entering the digital era, the rise of society force and innovation ecosystem have also emerged as the important forces. Among those four forces, the innovation ecosystem has provided China with unprecedented opportunities and challenges due to its different characteristics, such as the ideas creation, action modes and strategic goals. Therefore, we analysed those four different types of driving forces towards innovation and made a comparison of their natures. Finally, this paper also discussed the opportunities and challenges from the rising of innovation ecosystem as kind of special force and provided some policy suggestions.

摘要： 在全球竞争格局不断发生变化的形势下，创新的作用日益凸显，促使创新发生的驱动力也在不断发生改变。除传统的市场力量和政府力量可以驱动创新外，社会力量及创新生态系统力量的兴起也不断推动了创新进程。其中创新生态系统力量由于不同的创新理念、作用方式和目标等为中国的创新发展带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。因此，梳理了不同类型的创新驱动力，并结合其不同特征进行了对比。同时，基于创新生态系统作为第四种创新驱动力的特征，讨论了其当前在我国面临的机遇和挑战，并给出了相关的建议。