Abstract: With the complexity of the scientific system, many social problems and scientific research programs cannot be solved by one discipline, and interdisciplinary research has become an indispensable model of modern science. It is of great significance for the development of interdisciplinary research to explore the importance and evolution trend of interdisciplinary research. Based on over 50-year high-cited papers (top 1%) of the Web of Science, this study uses the third biodiversity index, the Leinster-Cobbold diversity indices (LCDiv), and interdisciplinary property indices, namely Variety, Balance and Disparity, to analyze the evolutionary trends of interdisciplinary research. The study shows that interdisciplinary research is becoming more important in science, variety shows an increasing trend, balance shows a decreasing trend and disparity shows an increasing trend for most disciplines. The analysis also shows that the interdisciplinary characteristics of highly cited papers, namely high variety, low balance and high disparity, is becoming more and more evident over time.

摘要： 随着科学系统的复杂化，许多社会问题和科学研究计划无法由一个学科解决，跨学科研究逐渐成为现代科学研究不可或缺的模式。因此，分析与了解科学中跨学科研究的变化趋势，阐明跨学科研究的重要性对跨学科研究的持续发展和科技规划具有重要的意义。本研究以Web of Science数据库1961-2015年高被引论文数据（top 1%）为基础，分别利用第三代生物多样性指标Leinster-Cobbold多样性指数（LCDiv）和单项跨学科指标（丰富性、均衡性和差异度）分析跨学科研究的变化趋势。研究表明跨学科研究对科学研究越来越重要，跨学科研究的丰富性呈现出明显的上升趋势，均衡性呈现下降趋势，大多数学科的差异度呈现上升趋势，同时也表明高被引论文的高丰富性、低均衡性和高差异度的跨学科特性正变得越来越明显。