With the complexity of the scientific system, many social problems and scientific research programs cannot be solved by one discipline, and interdisciplinary research has become an indispensable model of modern science. It is of great significance for the development of interdisciplinary research to explore the importance and evolution trend of interdisciplinary research. Based on over 50-year high-cited papers (top 1%) of the Web of Science, this study uses the third biodiversity index, the Leinster-Cobbold diversity indices (LCDiv), and interdisciplinary property indices, namely Variety, Balance and Disparity, to analyze the evolutionary trends of interdisciplinary research. The study shows that interdisciplinary research is becoming more important in science, variety shows an increasing trend, balance shows a decreasing trend and disparity shows an increasing trend for most disciplines. The analysis also shows that the interdisciplinary characteristics of highly cited papers, namely high variety, low balance and high disparity, is becoming more and more evident over time.
Based on the data of Nobel laureates, this work empirically analyzed the shifting of world’s scientific activity center, and it argues that the reason for America occupying world's scientific activity center over a long time is the transnational migration of scientists. By analyzing the Nobel laureates in physics from 1901 – 2011, the results show that, world’s scientific activity center measured by the number of scientific achievement and the number of Nobel laureates shifts synchronously; the share of migrants of laureates in physics is 38%, and it is showing a gradual upward trend; America is the most popular host country, and the time for America to become world’s scientific activity center will be postponed to 1945 without the Nobel laureates moving from other countries; also, the characteristics of transnational migration of the Nobel laureates differ with time, and there will be more than one center for science activity in the world in the future.
Taking author co-citation analysis of Bernal Prize recipients as a method, this study combines the technologies of multivariate analysis and social network analysis to visualize the intellectual structure of STS field by using the SPSS and Ucinet software. The results show there are seven academic subgroups. We identify the subjects of each subgroup and list in descending order by weight in factor analysis: micro-level approach of SSK, feminist studies of science and technology, institutional sociology of science, technology studies, controversy and risk studies, macro-level approach of SSK, history of science and technology. The recipients’ research contents intermingle a lot, and research subjects permeate each other alternately. Bruno Latour is the most influential scholar in STS field, although Thomas Kuhn is the most influential STS scholar in the field of humanities and social science.
The construction of national technology and innovation centres is an important measure for optimizing the layout of China's national scientific research bases(platforms) in the "13th five-year" period. According to empirical analysis and case study of the UK's network of catapult centres and high value manufacturing catapult centre, this paper finds that the UK's related experiences are defining catapult's functional positioning, selecting comprehensive and representative supporting institutions, and ensuring the materialization of operational institutions, the standardization of organizational structure and the professionalization of staff. China can obtain five important enlightenments on the construction of China's national technology and innovation centres from the UK. The first is to designate regulatory agency at the national level and strengthen the top design and co-ordination; the second is to reduce the management levels and reform management methods; the third is to clear centres' functional positioning and innovate operation mechanism; the fourth is to control the number of centres and increase the funding; the fifth is to strengthen the information construction and pay more attention to transparent and open communication.
servitization of manufacturing and business model innovation highly coincide with goal, connotation, influence and research tendency, and value creation and related items combine servitization of manufacturing and business model innovation. This paper aims to explore the general process of servitization of manufacturing with the perspective of value creation, and summaries the relationship between the stages of servitization of manufacturing and value creation under an ideal condition, and the value of service increases with the level of servitization of manufacturing and exceeds the value of products. And then, the authors promote the strategies of business model of different stages of servitization of manufacturing considering the characters of servitization of manufacturing and fundamental elements of business model. At last, we conclude the research and point the limitations.
Network structure characteristic is an important variable that affects enterprise’s competitive advantage. Based on the theory of organization, this paper constructs the research model of industrial cluster network structure characteristic, knowledge search and enterprise’s competitive advantage. Based on the empirical test of 178 software enterprises survey data, this article finds that the industrial cluster network structure characteristic positively affect knowledge search and enterprise’s competitive advantage; exploitative knowledge search has a positive impact on enterprise’s competitive advantage; exploitative knowledge search plays the intermediary role in relationship between industrial cluster network structure characteristic and enterprise’s competitive advantage. Enterprises in cluster should strengthen the network view and knowledge search ability, promoting the circulation and sharing of innovative resources to cause the knowledge transfer, utilization and regeneration in the cluster, so as to enhance the enterprise’s competitive advantage.
How does the new ventures break through resource constraints and gain sustained growth? As an emerging field in international entrepreneurship, the theory of entrepreneurial bricolage has made a profound interpretation of this problem from a new perspective. In the context of China's transition economy, based on the resource-based theory and entrepreneurial bricolage theory, this study establishes a research framework including the charismatic leadership at the individual level, the strategic flexibility at the enterprise level and the relationship learning at the network level. This paper constructs the theoretical model of entrepreneurial bricolage on multi - level Induced mechanism and influence effect, then it provides realistic support to the theoretical model based on five new enterprise case studies. It shows that:(1)the charismatic leadership, strategic flexibility and relational learning have significant positive effect on the entrepreneurial bricolage; (2)entrepreneurial bricolage has a significant positive impact on business performance; (3)charismatic leadership, strategic flexibility and relational learning will further induce new enterprises to taking entrepreneurial bricolage in uncertain environment; (4) the knowledge base positively moderated the relationship between entrepreneurial bricolage and business performance. These discoveries have theoretical and practical significance for the healthy growth of new enterprises during the transition period.
Configuration of alliance portfolio diversity is an important strategy decision during the allocation of alliance portfolio. In this paper, we combine organization, technology and geography dimensions to depict alliance portfolio diversity. Based on configuration perspective, we use fsQCA (fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis) to analyze and investigate the influence of different patterns formed by organization/technology/country diversity to the innovation catch-up performance for latecomers. We find two paths leading to high innovation catch-up performance, which is technology focused and organization dispersive, organization and country dispersive. Accordingly, latecomer firms can choose from three configurations to gain high performance. Thus, this study offers implications for latecomers how to allocate alliance portfolio diversity.
Taking Dongfanghong as a case company, this paper discusses the process and mechanism of how to promote the research and develop (R&D) agility of complex products. The main findings of this study are as follows: The research process of complex products can be divided into three phases: requirement identification and preliminary demonstration, overall design and module development, system integration and product testing. At different stages, enterprises need to deal with appropriate types of uncertainty, such as variation, foreseeable uncertainty, unforeseeable uncertainty and chaos. At the same time, enterprises need to develop the appropriate organizational IT capabilities, such as outside-in IT capabilities, spanning IT capabilities, inside-out IT capabilities, while enterprises need to take the organizational control, such as informal control, a portfolio of informal control and formal control, formal control. The main objective of the enterprise complex product development at various stages shows the dynamic characteristics, namely more attention to innovation, both innovation and reliability, and more attention to reliability. This paper not only helps to improve enterprise agility theory, but also has important reference value for China's complex product enterprises to leverage IT to promote R & D agility.
Under the era of knowledge economy, knowledge transfer plays a vital role for the performance of Industry-University-Research-User (IURU) collaborative innovation. This article introduces the modularity theory aims at studying the knowledge transfer issue of IURU collaborative innovation, in which the design modularity combining organizational modularity are respectively crossed for the discussion of mechanism of knowledge transfer. Moving forward, an empirical case of Haier is adopted to further analyze its practices of collaborative innovation as well as modularity innovation (product & organization), and therein the knowledge transfer coordination mechanisms are also discussed. There are some conclusions: (1) modularity can not only help promote IUR switch from “face-to-face” to “side-by-side” collaborative innovation, but adjusts the knowledge transfer strategy among partners; (2) while module interface could act as one of effective channel for harmonizing information asymmetric issue and implementing knowledge transfer. The outcome of this study could be of reference for China enterprises during their exploration of IURU mode as well as implementation of knowledge transfer.
This research is organized based on foreign innovation policy literature retrieved from the Web of Science. First, quantitative analysis and influence analysis towards foreign innovation policy research are proposed using Bibliometrics. Second, LDA theme model is applied to extract six research themes including industrial development, national innovation policy and the using of innovative policy tools, the effect evaluation of technology innovation policy, enterprise innovation ability promotion, innovation network and regional innovation policy. Third, this paper uses CARROT2 (information-clustering engine) and keywords bursting method to analyse the new trend of foreign innovation policy research. The research result shows that the researches of knowledge, policy performance, data using, empirical-evidence research, and dynamic change research of innovation policy are the main research trends.
Based on integrating the fundamental attribute and the unique property of the collaborative innovation network, this paper establishes a collaborative innovation network analogy DNA translation model through depicting external stimulus conversion progresses and behaviors of network heterogeneous agents with taking heterogeneous agents as network elements and regarding the stimulus-response mechanism as the network dynamic evolution mechanism. Using system simulation method, we analyzeget gradually into our founding about network topology structure varying rules and the interactions among structure varying rules, knowledge factors and network agents elements from multi-perspectives of the evolutionary law of the collaborative innovation network topology structure, the coupling evolution phenomenon of the knowledge and the network topology structure, distinct roles that agents play in the network and relationship between the agents’ openness and the knowledge flow efficiency. We find that: the phenomenon of small world emergences more than once through the evolution of collaborative innovation network, whose degrees and reasons are also distinctive; there exists coupling evolution between the technological knowledge and the network structure; the collaborative innovation network always be oriented towards competitive industries; the agents’ openness has an essential influence on the lifting range of the technological knowledge flow efficiency. It will propose the performance of the collaborative innovation if the subject position of industries and the agents openness degree can be strengthened during the progress of the technology creation.
Building ties with Knowledge-intensive business services has been an important path for manufacturing firms to obtain service innovation resources. But present literatures discuss little about how ties diversity influences the service innovation performance of manufacturing firms. This study uses a sample of 203 manufacturing firms in Chongqing to examine ties diversity with Knowledge-intensive business services and service innovation performance, and how boundary-spanning search experience moderates these relationships. The empirical research results show that there is an inverse U -shaped relationship between organizational ties diversity and service innovation performance，but geographical ties diversity has only a linear effect on service innovation performance, rather than providing evidence of a curvilinear effect．In addition, we also find that boundary-spanning search experience moderate the inverse U-shaped relationship between organizational ties diversity and service innovation performance, while boundary-spanning search experience only positively and significantly moderates the effect of geographical ties diversity on service innovation performance . These findings contribute to the existing literatures on manufacturing firms’ service innovation, and also have practical implication for Chinese manufacturing firms’ strategy to building appropriate ties diversity with Knowledge-intensive business services., Building ties with Knowledge-intensive business services has been an important path for manufacturing firms to obtain service innovation resources. But present literatures discuss little about how ties diversity influences the service innovation performance of manufacturing firms. This study uses a sample of 203 manufacturing firms in Chongqing to examine ties diversity with Knowledge-intensive business services and service innovation performance, and how boundary-spanning search experience moderates these relationships. The empirical research results show that there is an inverse U -shaped relationship between organizational ties diversity and service innovation performance，but geographical ties diversity has only a linear effect on service innovation performance, rather than providing evidence of a curvilinear effect．In addition, we also find that boundary-spanning search experience moderate the inverse U-shaped relationship between organizational ties diversity and service innovation performance, while boundary-spanning search experience only positively and significantly moderates the effect of geographical ties diversity on service innovation performance . These findings contribute to the existing literatures on manufacturing firms’ service innovation, and also have practical implication for Chinese manufacturing firms’ strategy to building appropriate ties diversity with Knowledge-intensive business services.
Previous studies have explored the technological innovation behavior of enterprises from several perspectives, but the impact of customer concentration on enterprise innovation has not attracted enough attention of scholars. From the point of customer concentration, this paper discusses the influence of big customer relationship on enterprise technology innovation. Based on the analysis of China A-share manufacturing listed companies from 2009 to 2015, the study finds that customer concentration could hinder the innovation of enterprises. While the company's scale alleviates this negative impact, customer volatility aggravates the dilemma. Furthermore, this paper examines the inherent mechanism of the impact of customer concentration on enterprise innovation. As conclusions, firstly, the problems of going concern caused by customer concentration weaken the enterprise's risk-taking abilities. Secondly, through the passive increase of cash holdings and occupation of funds by significant customers, the enterprise's innovative resources are squeezed.
Management innovation and enterprise growth are hot topics in the field of enterprise research in recent years，By building a theoretical model of how SMEs influence the growth performance for implementing management innovation, using a sample of 287 SMEs, this article analyzed and tested the mediating and regulatory effects that strategic flexibility plays between the former two variables. The results show that:(1) the management innovation has a significant inverted U-shaped effect on the growth performance, besides the coordination flexibility plays a complete mediating role in it; (2) the management innovation and the coordination flexibility have a significant inverted U-curve relationship; (3) the resource flexibility positively regulates the impact of management innovation on the coordination flexibility, negatively regulates the impact of the coordination flexibility on the growth performance. The conclusion of the research reveals that the management innovation implementation plays a "double-edged sword" role in growth performance, and the role the strategic flexibility plays between the former two variables, which providing useful enlightenment for SMEs implementing management innovation.
