Abstract: Abstract: On the Second International Congress of the History of Science and Technology, the Soviet delegation first elaborated the Marxist view of history of science. Especially?Boris Hessen’s ‘Social and Economic Roots of Newton’s ‘Principia.’’ explored the connection between Newton's scientific work and the social and economic context of the times. It was very different from the research methods of scientific history at that time. Even though the Soviets used dialectical materialism to explain the important figures and events in the history of science，and it was regarded as dogmatic and vulgar. But after the meeting, their historiography method was constantly fermenting. On the one hand, historians criticized it violently, on the other hand, scientists blindly praised it. It constantly sparked controversy and finally prepared for the social and cultural transformation of science historiography.

摘要： 苏联代表团在第二届国际科学是大会上首次阐述了马克思主义的科学史观，尤其是鲍里斯·赫森的“牛顿《原理》的社会与经济根源”探讨牛顿的科学工作与时代的社会经济语境之间的关联，与当时的科学史研究传统形成鲜明对比。尽管苏联人运用马克思的辩证唯物主义思想解释科学史上重要人物和重要事件存在教条化、庸俗化等问题，在大会上并未取得期待的交流效果。但他们的科学编史学方法在会后持续发酵，在史学界的猛烈批判和科学家们的盲目推崇中不断引发争论，最终为科学编史学的社会文化转向奠定了基础。