Abstract: Various public health crises have occurred frequently in the history of foreign countries. In recent years, the outbreak of large-scale infectious diseases in many places of the world has triggered updating the crisis management model in every country. The relationship between these models and the effectiveness of response to epidemic crisis is worth reviewing. adopting the method of historical vertical and international horizontal comparison to explain the institutional experiences of prevention and control of epidemic in developed countries and regions such as the United States, Japan and European countries, it can be seen that, on the whole, a scientific and complete public health crisis system has been established, on the basis of which a reasonable and effective early warning and monitoring mechanism, a corresponding management system and a supporting safeguard system have been set up. Under the historical support of the crisis “actuarial system”, then the risk monitoring of “sentry propaganda” continues to sound the warning “bugle”. The rule of law, professional organization, full warning, public participation, supporting the supply spectrum and so on in developed countries and regions are the main theme in dealing with public health crisis, which have formed a legal and professional management mode. The models and experiences are relevant to the present. In view of the shortcomings of imperfect legislation about public health crisis, low level of modernization in governance capacity and system, inadequate early warning, monitoring and security support, we should improve our ability of rule of law to deal with public health crisis in all aspects, including legislation of power guarantee, joint decision-making management, scientific early warning and Monitoring, dynamic response in the whole process and perfect guarantee system.

摘要： 列国历史上种种公共卫生危机频繁发生，近些年在世界很多地方爆发的大规模传染病疫情引发各国更新了危机管理模式，这些模式对于本国应对疫情危机的效果之关系值得检讨。采取历史纵向和国际横向比较的方法，阐释美日欧等发达国家和地区防控疫情的制度经验。可以看出，总体上科学完备的公共卫生危机制度较早得以建立，以此构建起合理有效的预警监测机制、应对管理体制和配套保障体系，在危机“精算”系统的支撑下，继之以风险“哨兵”传导持续发出警示之音。法治保障、专业组织、充分警示、大众参与、配套供给为发达国家和地区应对公共卫生危机的主轴，形成法治化、专业化管理模式。其建立的模式和所获得的成功经验可以镜鉴当下。鉴于我国公共卫生危机立法不健全、治理能力体系现代化水平不高、预警监测不够以及保障支持缺乏，应以权利保障立法、联动决策治理、科学预警监测、全过程动态应对以及健全保障等全方位提高我国应对公共卫生危机的法治能力体系。