"Bottom line for safety" is one of the core attributes of meaningful innovation, emphasizing the use of bottom line thinking to prevent and resolve major technological security risks. Based on China's reality, this research makes a predictive analysis of the difficulties and key points of future science and technology security governance, demonstrates the connotation and necessity of bottom line thinking, and puts forward a Bottom Line Thinking-Based science and technology security governance system, which includes five core elements of "Party's leadership", "national system", "mass line", "openness and inclusiveness" and "bottom line thinking". Additionally, by means of target analysis, a "goal-demand-system" three-dimensional research and analysis framework for the new security governance system is constructed and Bottom Lines of AI Governance are put forward. Finally, on the basis of theoretical explanation, the paper makes a forward-looking practical research on the design of the Bottom Line Thinking-Based science and technology security governance system architecture through four design cases, i.e. Applied AI management system architecture, General AI management system architecture, IOT system architecture and Public Security management system architecture, which provides a reference for practically developing and applying the Bottom Line Thinking-Based science and technology security governance system for the management department.
The frequent occurrence of major epidemic public crises all around the world has made a huge test for the China's national emergency management system and the global health security system. The paper aims at the process of joint prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China and uses grounded theory to make an exploratory analysis by taking the two major military and civilian systems as the core. The study summarizes four main categories including the unified command, arms control, civil defense and risk prediction. Then we builds a model of the military-civilian collaborative governance mechanism under the background of public crisis, and an elemental correlation mechanism from different subject perspectives. It has been found that unified command is the driving mechanism for military-civilian collaborative governance, it plans for crisis management and economic development as a whole from the strategic level. Arms control and civil defense are the motivation mechanism for military-civilian collaborative governance, through joint action to protect governance needs and fulfill social responsibilities. Risk prediction is the feedback mechanism for military-civilian collaborative governance, it takes risk assessment as the basis for decision-making of the governance subjects. The conclusion provides theoretical guidance and practical inspiration for the improvement of China's national major epidemic management system and the global epidemic situation.
Various public health crises have occurred frequently in the history of foreign countries. In recent years, the outbreak of large-scale infectious diseases in many places of the world has triggered updating the crisis management model in every country. The relationship between these models and the effectiveness of response to epidemic crisis is worth reviewing. adopting the method of historical vertical and international horizontal comparison to explain the institutional experiences of prevention and control of epidemic in developed countries and regions such as the United States, Japan and European countries, it can be seen that, on the whole, a scientific and complete public health crisis system has been established, on the basis of which a reasonable and effective early warning and monitoring mechanism, a corresponding management system and a supporting safeguard system have been set up. Under the historical support of the crisis “actuarial system”, then the risk monitoring of “sentry propaganda” continues to sound the warning “bugle”. The rule of law, professional organization, full warning, public participation, supporting the supply spectrum and so on in developed countries and regions are the main theme in dealing with public health crisis, which have formed a legal and professional management mode. The models and experiences are relevant to the present. In view of the shortcomings of imperfect legislation about public health crisis, low level of modernization in governance capacity and system, inadequate early warning, monitoring and security support, we should improve our ability of rule of law to deal with public health crisis in all aspects, including legislation of power guarantee, joint decision-making management, scientific early warning and Monitoring, dynamic response in the whole process and perfect guarantee system.
Under the background of market demand shrinkage shock, this paper constructs a mathematical model to reveal the characteristics of firms' R&D behavior in the process of industrial organization reconstruction under the impact of shrinkage of market demand. Then, using the micro sample data of manufacturing listed companies in 2016-2018, the paper empirically demonstrates the R&D behavior of firms under the impact of the shrinkage of market demand. The results show that the contraction of market demand makes the determinants of R&D behavior of firms change from market structure to market capacity, which causes the change of R&D competition behavior of enterprises, and then leads to the reconstruction of industrial organization; In the face of the exogenous contraction of market capacity, medium-sized and large enterprises will increase R & D investment, while small enterprises will reduce R & D investment. This is in sharp contrast to the phenomenon that small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body of R & D in the period of rapid expansion and slow growth of market capacity. It is an important way to realize the upgrading of industrial technology to fully stimulate consumer demand from the demand side and give full play to the scale advantage of enterprises from the supply side.
High-quality development of manufacturing industry has become the core requirement of China's real economy construction, which requires effective coordination of industrial policies. Based on some logical deduction, this paper tentatively constructs the three-part frame of innovation, structure and integration of industrial policy on the high-quality development of manufacturing industry.It is found that：（1）Innovation is the main channel for industrial policies to form high-quality development of manufacturing industry, and plays a role mainly through high market concentration, sound infrastructure, human capital cultivation and implementation of key industrial policies.（2） The government's "winner selection" behavior forms an initial impact on the structural change, supplemented by the lure of investment structure, the improvement of spatial structure and the final realization of structural optimization, and then transfers to innovation through the change of concentration ratio and the reduction of bad structure. （3）The double optimization of innovation and structure will finally converge into a fusion effect, which will be realized through industrial organization policy and industrial cluster policy.
The study intends to provide evidence for talent policies in China by exploring the question concerning attracting and retaining overseas talents: What motivates academic talents to move across borders? Using Singapore as a case, we surveyed faculty with China-origin who are currently working in three major universities in Singapore and identified the factors crucial for attracting overseas Chinese talents to the city-state, and highlighted variations across nationality groups, age groups and career stages. Based on factor analysis of the survey data, we found that young scholars in early stage of career are more motivated by incentive factors in the working environment such as research support and career development opportunities, while established scholars pay more attention to hygiene factors for work such as job stability, remuneration and research network. The findings suggest that talent policies should have different priorities when targeting different groups of overseas scholars.
Under the open innovation environment, the flow of scientific and technological talents has become an important part of the cross-border flow of innovative resources. Its flow path affects the flow of knowledge, and then has a profound impact on the development of innovation. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the formation of the flow path of scientific and technological talents. In view of the fact that previous studies have constrained the interpretation of talent flow paths from the micro-psychological and macro-market/system levels, this study studies the flow paths of scientific and technological talents from the network perspective, and explores the impact of knowledge network and social network on the flow paths of scientific and technological talents. Based on the multiple case analysis, this paper makes a case study of five samples of scientific and technological talents in the telecommunication industry. The results show that there are knowledge and social paths in the flow of scientific and technological talents. The path of knowledge includes the path of knowledge relevance and the path of specialization. The path of relevance originates from the relationship between knowledge in the knowledge network, and the influence comes from matching effect, network effect and value-added effect. The path of specialization originates from the knowledge specialization caused by knowledge modularization in the knowledge network, and the influence comes from learning custom curve effect, reputation effect and switching cost effect. Social path includes social connection path and cognitive consistency path. Social connection path originates from the pulling effect of social connection on the flow of scientific and technological talents. Strong connection and weak connection play the roles of providing high-quality and diverse human-professional information for scientific and technological talents respectively. Cognitive consistency path originates from knowledge interaction. The common cognitive framework needed for action comes from knowledge background, cultural background and professional competence evaluation.
In the context of innovation-driven development, the differences in the structure of real estate between cities have accelerated the integration of talents and other innovative elements in different cities. By constructing a general equilibrium model, the nonlinear influence mechanism of urban real estate investment structure on talent agglomeration is revealed. The 35 large and medium-sized cities in China were divided into two categories according to the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. The panel threshold regression method was used to compare the impact of urban real estate investment structure on the accumulation of scientific and technological talents in the whole sample city and two subsample cities from 2009 to 2016. The results show that the impact of the real estate investment structure of the three sample cities on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents is significantly heterogeneous. The full-sample urban real estate investment structure has a positive impact on the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents, and it is declining; the positive impact of the first subsamples is obviously “inverted U”; while the impact of the second subsample cities is negatively correlated. The conclusions of the study can provide an important reference for the micro-control of urban planning and the macro-control of national innovation-driven development.
In the context of economic transformation, innovation and entrepreneurship have become new engines driving China's economic development. The reasonable allocation of opportunities and resources in the entrepreneurial process will determine the entrepreneurial performance of enterprises. However, how to complete the mutual utilization of entrepreneurial opportunities and resources is still an unsolved problem. From entrepreneurial opportunities resources integration perspective, we selected China FAW Group Corporation as the research object, take the network as a situational variables to explore opportunities and resources under the impetus of the business leaders, how to symbiotic evolution and promote innovation diffusion mechanism then draw the following conclusions: (1) the interaction of entrepreneurial opportunities and resources is found in a dual dynamic behavior of the network level. (2) network expansion and clustering are system-driven integration behaviors, which jointly promote innovation diffusion and entrepreneurship strategy update. (3) according to the organizational development stage, leaders should realize the advantage allocation of opportunities, resources and innovation to maintain the dynamic balance of interactive flow within the entrepreneurial control system.
The relationship between entrepreneurial activity and crisis has become a new research direction. As an important driver and source of economic growth, entrepreneurship plays a positive role in promoting the recovery of economic productive capacity and alleviating the employment problem, but the disaster impact will reduce people's risk tendency and weaken people's willingness to start a business. Resilience as a psychological energy to deal with the plight, whether it can effectively weaken the adverse impact of the environment on the residents of disaster areas and enhance their willingness to start a business? Based on this, empirical analyzes the relationship among resilience, risk propensity and entrepreneurial willingness of residents in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area by using a large-scale survey data carried out in 2018. It is found that under the background of disaster, the resilience of disaster area residents weakens the influence of disaster impact on risk tendency, and has a significant effect on risk tendency and entrepreneurial willingness.
Entrepreneurial bricolage is of great significance to break through the resource constraints in the establishment and growth of start-up enterprises. However， there are few empirical studies on the bricolage process and innovation performance of new enterprises， especially from the perspective of network relationship. Therefore， based on the theory of entrepreneurial bricolage and innovation network theory， constructs the conceptual model about the impact of the entrepreneurial bricolage to enterprise performance， using 310 start-ups in the coworking space as the research object， through the questionnaire survey to collect data and carry on the empirical research. The results show that the start-up entrepreneurial bricolage can promotes the enterprise's innovation performance， strong network plays an intermediary role in a positive influence between entrepreneurial bricolage and innovation performance. However， the intermediary effect of weak network was not significant. In addition， exploratory organizational learning in which play a moderating role. The research analyzes the influence mechanism of start-up business bricolage on the innovation performance of enterprises from the perspective of practice， and the conclusion has theoretical and practical significance for the innovation and development of China's start-up enterprises.
Based on the springboard theory, this study explores the impact of the autonomy of Chinese multinational enterprises’ overseas subsidiaries on reverse knowledge transfer. This study collected data of 132 overseas subsidiaries of Chinese multinational enterprises and tested the hypothesis model with regression analysis. It is found that there is a significant inverse U-shaped curve relationship between overseas subsidiaries’ autonomy and reverse knowledge transfer, reverse market knowledge transfer, and reverse technical knowledge transfer; but the reverse u-shaped relationship between overseas subsidiaries’ autonomy and reverse management knowledge transfer is not significant. The absorption capacity of the parent company negatively moderates the linear relationship between autonomy and reverse management knowledge transfer. The conclusions of this study show that a moderate amount of autonomy granted to overseas subsidiaries by EMNEs is conducive to reverse knowledge transfer, but too much may lead to the phenomenon of “more is not always better”.
Social capital provides new ideas and methods for the interaction between members from different disciplinary backgrounds and heterogeneous knowledge flow in interdisciplinary research teams. However, there is a lack of research on the mechanism of social capital on knowledge integration in interdisciplinary research teams. Based on social identity theory and cooperation theory, this paper introduces team identity and task interdependence into the study of knowledge integration and analyzes the three dimensions of social capital in interdisciplinary research teams -- structural social capital, relational social capital and cognitive social capital. Taking team identification as the mediating variable and task interdependence as the moderating variable, a moderated mediating model of social capital affecting knowledge integration of interdisciplinary research teams is constructed. Based on the structural equation model analysis of a questionnaire survey of 346 members of 46 interdisciplinary research teams in a research university of C9, it is found that: structural social capital, relational social capital, and cognitive social capital have significant positive effects on team identity, and team identity has significant positive effects on the knowledge integration of interdisciplinary research teams. Team identification plays a fully mediating role in the influence of structural social capital and relational social capital on knowledge integration, and a partial mediating role in the influence of cognitive capital on knowledge integration. Task interdependence positively mediates team identity. This study contributes to the research on the influencing factors and mechanism of knowledge integration in interdisciplinary research teams and provides a theoretical basis for guiding the practice of knowledge management in interdisciplinary research teams.
This paper uses the patent application authorization data and related economic data of 285 prefecture-level and above cities in China in 2016. A global and local spatial autocorrelation test of urban innovation output agglomeration was conducted using the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis method (ESDA). According to the test results, the Confirmatory Spatial Data Analysis method (CSDA) was adopted. The Spatial Lag Model (SLM), Spatial Error Model (SEM) and Ordinary Least Squares model (OLS) were compared and tested, and the influencing factors of China's urban innovation capacity were spatially analyzed. The research results show that the layout of China's urban innovation output not only has overall spatial autocorrelation, but also has local spatial correlation. It is found that the spatial econometric model is more accurate and scientific than the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) model estimation. Urban innovation has a significant spillover effect on neighboring space. The analysis of the influencing factors shows that the institutional factors, economic basis, R&D investment, and informationization degree have positive effects. The degree of opening to the outside world shows a negative effect.
The era of the platform economy under the background of the Internet has restructured the relationship between people and organizations. It is necessary to fundamentally establish a leadership paradigm and practical approach based on platform metaphors. Based on the analysis of the content of the literature, this article conducted structured interviews with 6 management experts and 21 enterprise managers. After the coding process, 38 questions were summarized. An empirical analysis of 606 valid questionnaires was conducted and the reliability and validity tests were passed. This study developed 22 measurement items of the platform leadership scale and five constituent dimensions which are sharing altruism, interactive collaboration, incubation of maker, self-cultivation, empowerment equality. This study also give connotation of the five constituent dimensions. This study more fully characterizes the behavioral characteristics of platform-based leadership, and makes up for the lack of theoretical scales and dimensions of platform-based leadership research. The identified 5 dimensions and 22 items are systematic, comprehensive, and inherently different. It has compatibility with the platform operation and platform upgrade of enterprises under the background of the Internet and big data, which provides theoretical basis and behavioral guidance for the practice of platform leadership. It is positive for promoting further research on platform leadership effict.
Shared cognition in the incubation network influences the entry and growth of new ventures. This paper divides shared cognition into two dimensions named shared values and shared vision, accordingly it constructs a theoretical model of shared cognition, intangible resource acquisition and incubated enterprises’ innovation performance, then does the empirical analysis with sample of incubated enterprises in Tianjin. The results indicate that shared cognition is positively related to intangible resource acquisition and innovation performance, intangible resource acquisition plays a partial intermediary role between shared cognition and innovation performance, which means that higher level of shared cognition in incubation network is beneficial for incubated enterprises to acquire intangible resources and finally improve their innovation performance. It reveals the impact path of incubation network on incubated enterprises’ performance from the perspective of cognition and resource, and contributes to the study of shared cognition at network level.
This paper uses the data of foreign direct investment of Chinese listed companies from 2013 to 2017 to study the impact of direct investment in the Belt and Road countries on enterprise innovation from the perspective of host country characteristics. The study finds that direct investment in the Belt and Road countries can promote innovation of Chinese listed companies through a variety of reverse innovation spillover channels, among which the peripheral technology stripping channel has the greatest impact, the R&D cost sharing channel has the less impact, and the research and development results feedback channel has the least impact. After the Belt and Road Initiative initiative, this promotion is more significant. The characteristics of the host countries have an important impact on the reverse channels of enterprise innovation, and the effects of different characteristics vary. The paper further shows that there are significant differences in the influence of different host country characteristics on the original innovation ability and imitation innovation ability of Chinese listed companies. Finally, the paper also finds that the degree of influence of the direct investment in the Belt and Road countries on enterprise innovation first decrease and then increase. The research conclusions provide policy inspiration for Chinese listed companies to participate in the Belt and Road construction and scientific and technological innovation cooperation.
Time pressure has become the most common form of pressure for R&D team. Based on the investigation of 186 teams, this paper discusses the mechanism of different nature of time pressure on team innovation performance from the perspective of the nature of time pressure. The research findings are as follows :(1) the challenge time pressure has a significant positive impact on the team reflexivity and team innovation performance of the R&D team, and the hindrance time pressure has a significant negative impact on the team reflexivity and team innovation performance of the R&D team. (2) team reflexivity plays an intermediary role between challenge time pressure and team innovation performance, and between hindrance time pressure and team innovation performance. (3) temporal leadership can positively moderate the relationship between challenge time pressure and team reflexivity, and can negatively moderate the relationship between hindrance time pressure and team reflexivity. In other words, a higher level of temporal leadership can enhance the positive effect of challenge time pressure on team reflexivity, but weaken the negative effect of hindrance time pressure on team reflexivity.
