Abstract: The formation of modern S&T governance system is affected by many factors. The basic structure of modern science and technology governance system is composed of "strategic planning-policy measures-laws and regulations-internal control system". Different from developed countries, China has formed a typical strategy driven S&T governance path, but the evolution trend of S&T innovation governance in the world is convergent. China should further improve its strategic planning ability based on in-depth understanding of the laws of S&T development, accelerate the process of S&T legislation and the systematic design of policies and measures, deepen the micro governance transformation of STI subjects, and strengthen the connection of international S&T governance.

摘要： 现代科技治理体系的形成受到多种因素的影响，“战略规划—政策措施—法律制度—内部规范”共同构成了现代科技治理体系的基本架构。与发达国家不同，我国形成了典型的战略驱动型科技治理路径，而世界主要国家的科技治理体系演进趋势存在趋同的倾向。我国应进一步提升深入把握科技发展规律和阶段性需求基础上的战略规划能力，加快科技立法进程和科技政策措施的系统设计，深化对科技创新主体微观治理改造，加强与国际科技治理体系的衔接。