Abstract: As the core and leader of China’s innovation system, national laboratories are the overall lever for organizing national strategic scientific and technological forces to carry out major scientific research tasks. Compared to the national laboratories of the US Department of Energy, China's national laboratories have their own distinct characteristics in terms of construction goals, system positioning, and management system. The construction of national laboratories will become an important basis for China to explore and improve the new “whole-nation” system, promote the deep reconstruction of China's innovation system, and significantly enhance the organizational level and systematic ability of the national innovation system. To accelerate the construction of national laboratories, we must adhere to the unity of rights, responsibilities, and interests, gather various forces from the central, local, national scientific research institutions, high-level research-oriented universities, and technology leading enterprises, thus effectively leveraging the institutional advantages of social concentration to accomplish major tasks.

摘要： 国家实验室作为我国创新体系的核心和龙头，是我国组织国家战略科技力量开展重大科研任务攻关的总抓手。相较美国能源部国家实验室，我国国家实验室在建设目标、体系定位、管理体制等方面均具有自身鲜明特色。国家实验室建设将成为我国探索完善新型举国体制的重要依托，推动我国创新体系深度重构，大幅提升国家创新体系组织化水平和体系化能力。加快推进国家实验室建设，要通过坚持权责利统一，汇聚中央、地方、国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业等各方面力量，切实发挥社会集中力量办大事的制度优势。