Future industries usually refer to industries at the forefront of science and technology and emerging technologies, with great development potential and the ability to lead future economic and social changes. In the development of future industries, how to effectively reduce high uncertainty, clarify ambiguous information, and define clear goals is the key to promote synergy, scenario development, and resource integration, in which strategic intellectual property management plays an important role. Taking the new track of quantum computing as an example, this paper analyses the whole chain of "creative conception - technological innovation - product R&D - industrial ecology construction" of future industries on the one hand, and explores the role of strategic intellectual property management in it on the other hand, and arrives at three levels of research results. Firstly, there is a "fuzzy front end" in the opening up of new tracks of future industries, and efficient strategic intellectual property management is needed to support the process from the generation and screening of creative ideas to the initial formation of concepts, in which strategic intellectual property planning and management plays the role of "adhesive". Secondly, the technology development of the new track of the future industry requires the formation of a collaborative innovation ecosystem among all parties, in which the target management of IP portfolio plays the role of "catalyst". Finally, the development of new tracks in future industries requires all parties to promote the synergy between the innovation chain and the industrial chain, in which strategic IP management plays the role of "lubricant". The superposition of these three roles drives the acceleration of the new track of future industries.
As the core and leader of China’s innovation system, national laboratories are the overall lever for organizing national strategic scientific and technological forces to carry out major scientific research tasks. Compared to the national laboratories of the US Department of Energy, China's national laboratories have their own distinct characteristics in terms of construction goals, system positioning, and management system. The construction of national laboratories will become an important basis for China to explore and improve the new “whole-nation” system, promote the deep reconstruction of China's innovation system, and significantly enhance the organizational level and systematic ability of the national innovation system. To accelerate the construction of national laboratories, we must adhere to the unity of rights, responsibilities, and interests, gather various forces from the central, local, national scientific research institutions, high-level research-oriented universities, and technology leading enterprises, thus effectively leveraging the institutional advantages of social concentration to accomplish major tasks.
Major scientific and technological infrastructure is an important part of the national scientific and technological innovation system. How to optimise the layout and construction of major scientific and technological infrastructures in order to promote facilities to better serve cutting-edge basic scientific research and breakthroughs in key core technologies is a key issue that needs to be resolved in the field of S&T policy in China at present. The major scientific and technological infrastructure of the U.S. Department of Energy is an important material and technological carrier for the U.S. to carry out basic and applied basic research, and it is an indispensable core force for the U.S. to participate in the world scientific and technological competition. The synchrotron light source is the major scientific and technological infrastructure with the largest number of distributions and the widest range of applications in the world. By focusing on the synchrotron light source, which is a typical application-supporting major scientific and technological infrastructure, the study thoroughly researched and systematically analysed the layout characteristics and construction experience of the major scientific and technological infrastructures of the U.S. Department of Energy. The study finds that the U.S. Department of Energy presents four typical features in the process of laying out synchrotron radiation light sources, one is to maintain the diversification of energy regions and technology generations in order to promote the facilities to better meet the research needs of users of different types and fields; the second is to take national laboratories as the supporting units of the facilities, these facilities are managed by Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory and Brookhaven National Laboratory; thirdly, the facilities are not only open to international users and domestic users in the U.S., but also pay special attention to take into account the research needs of regional users in the U.S. Fourthly, it attaches great importance to upgrading and reconstruction of the facilities, which not only allows the facilities to better meet the research needs of the users, but also reduces the pressure on the financial expenses of the DOE and other facilities management and support units. In addition, the U.S. Department of Energy in the construction of synchrotron light sources in the process of the formation of two distinctive experience, one focuses on strategic planning to lead the construction of facilities to continuously meet the user's diversified and dynamic research needs; the second is to actively guide the industry to participate in the construction of the facility, which will help to promote the diversification of the main body of the facility investment in the construction of the facility, but also allows the facility to more effectively meet the industry's research needs. The conclusions of the study have important policy reference value for China's forward-looking layout and efficient construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure, firstly, we should pay attention to the layout and construction of major scientific and technological infrastructure by way of strategic planning, secondly, the layout and construction of the facilities should fully take into account the research needs of regional and industrial users, and thirdly, the layout and construction of the facilities should adhere to the combination of new construction and upgrading and reconstruction.
Against the backdrop of intensified global competition in technological innovation, the evaluation and management of science and technology talents have become central to national strategic planning. Traditional assessments of such talents have overemphasized quantitative indicators, neglecting the significance of tacit knowledge and individual intellectual contributions in scientific innovation activities, and thus failing to fully represent the multifaceted attributes of talents in the contemporary "post-disciplinary science" era. Beginning from the perspective of philosophy of science and technology, this study systematically analyzes the conceptual connotations and theoretical evolution of classification frameworks for science and technology talents, revealing their complexity, interdisciplinarity, and dynamic development characteristics. This provides an analytical foundation for improving the evaluation system for science and technology talents. It then focuses on the innovative applications of emerging technologies such as big data and generative artificial intelligence in the insightful analysis of science and technology talents, proposing the construction of a three-dimensional, dynamic, and individualized data portrait of science and technology talents. This portrait integrates structured data, unstructured data, and relational data, applying generative artificial intelligence to delve into the multidimensional attributes of talents, including their professional knowledge structure, innovative thinking patterns, cross-boundary influence, and developmental trajectories. Furthermore, the study explores the ecological equilibrium mechanism of cross-layer mobility of science and technology talents, emphasizing the importance of building an open, interconnected ecosystem for such talents. By analyzing the barriers and strategic mechanisms for the cross-layer mobility of science and technology talents, it proposes mechanisms for using talent portraits to promote cross-disciplinary collaboration and knowledge integration among science and technology talents, thereby facilitating the ecological equilibrium development of technological innovation.
Co-innovation is of great significance for enhancing the technological innovation capability of enterprises and promoting the modernization of the industrial chain.The study of the basic paradigm of co-innovation can lay a theoretical and practical foundation for future academic and practical work. In the specific context of China facing the bottleneck problem in the industrial chain, the evolution of the technological innovation paradigm from open innovation and collaborative innovation to co-innovation is an inevitable result. Co-innovation is essentially an interdependent and mutually reinforcing innovation ecosystem formed through complementary advantages, resource sharing, and value co-creation among enterprises. Strengthening technological and economic connections among upstream, midstream, and downstream enterprises, as well as deepening specialized division of labor and cooperation among large, small and medium-sized enterprises, constitute the basic connotation of co-innovation. Product innovation based on context-driven, technology innovation based on factor sharing, market innovation based on joint sailing, raw material innovation based on supply coordination, and organizational innovation based on digital transformation are the extension of co-innovation.
In the era of the sharing economy, exclusivity plays a central role in intellectual property rights. Facing systemic challenges brought about by digital technology-driven and corporate innovation paradigm changes, the "bundle of rights" analytical paradigm breaks through the traditional civil law property rights research paradigm and provides insights into intellectual property rights. Securing otherness provides the basis for interpretation theory. The transformation of intellectual property epistemology from "exclusivity as the center" to "the integration of exclusivity and inclusivity" shows that the exclusivity and inclusivity of intellectual property are not absolutely closed in the era of sharing economy, and that the content of intellectual property is the "bundle of rights" The interpretation results of the analysis paradigm of power separation also match the development model of enterprise networked open innovation. It has important economic and social functions and will inevitably have an impact on the social relations of open and shared intellectual property rights. The risk management of intellectual property content should focus on multiple entities such as governments and platforms to explore the benign governance of the relationship between "technology" and "law" in intellectual property content.
As an inheritor and important representative figure of the J. D. Bernal the founder of science of science, the renowned crystallographer Alan Lindsay Mackay has a profound understanding of the relationship between science and power, building upon Bernal's systematic thinking about science. His scientific research is primarily focused on the field of crystallography, yet his academic interests extend to the realms of science of science and the history of science. Mackay transcends the microscopic study of crystal structures to encompass the macroscopic impact of science on human affairs. He sought connections between disciplines, with a particular focus on the advancement of science and its interconnections with other fields. He showed a profound interest in studying the social functions of science, as well as its organizational structures and social relationships.
This article delves deeply into Mackay's life, career, scientific writings, and academic activities, revealing his contemplation on the relationship between science and power against the backdrop of an in-depth analysis of the relationships between science and the political, social, and economic spheres. It begins with an overview of Mackay's early life and education, highlighting the influence of J. D. Bernal that led him to become one of the most distinguished representatives of scientific discovery and political radicalism in the field of crystallography at Birkbeck, University of London. Continuing on, the article further discusses his illustrious professional career, highlighting his contributions to crystallography and his pioneering work, which have demonstrated his outstanding accomplishments as an eminent and visionary crystallographer.
The article then focuses on Mackay's academic interests beyond crystallography, including his explorations in the fields of science of science and the history of science. It uncovers thought-provoking perspectives on maintaining the necessary tension between science and politics, advocating for the use of scientific power in social construction, and emphasizing the regulation of science in economic development.
His contemplation of the intricate interplay between science and power holds significant enlightening implications for the field of science and technology governance. The governance framework proposed in this article is constructed based on Mackay's "science and power" thought, analyzing the interests and visions of various governance stakeholders, the balancing processes of conflicts, and the outcomes of these balances. It calls for governance stakeholders to not only need consensus, inclusiveness, respect, epistemological trust, collaboration, participation, openness, and decentralization but also to take preventive measures and reform systems to maintain a dynamic balance. The framework emphasizes the multifaceted role of science in shaping the social structures and power dynamics of modern society. Inspired by Mackay's thoughts on "science and power," the science and technology governance mechanism aims to promote scientific innovation, drive high-quality economic growth, maintain social stability, and achieve sustainable development.
In conclusion, Mackay has made significant contributions to the development of crystallophysics and has also left a profound mark in the field of science studies. His thought of "science and power" provides guidance for science and technology governance, revealing the complex interrelationships between science and political, social, and economic powers in the governance process, which is essential for understanding the role of science in modern society.
The ChatGPT bot chat program has successfully attracted the attention of various industries with its powerful features, and it is worth pondering the mixed discussion, especially the doubts about this technology, more focused on its ethical scrutiny. What is the nature of ChatGPT’s technology? What impact does it have on the development of human society? Looking at the history of human thought, Marx’s scientific and technological ethics, formed by his ethical reflection and criticism of science and technology more than a century ago, is still extremely profound today. It inspires us to conduct in-depth ethical thinking on ChatGPT, the latest progress of artificial intelligence technology, from three dimensions: the nature of technology, the alienation of technology itself, and the alienation and liberation of technology to people. And then, it helps us to free ourselves from excessive worship or extreme confusion about ChatGPT.
In the wave of the world's new scientific and technological revolution, at the end of 2022, a robot chat program called ChatGPT, once it came out, has attracted grate attention around the world. In just two months, it reached 100 million users. Its strong learning ability and thinking ability have once again refreshed people's cognition of artificial intelligence technology. Like all previous technological innovations, there are optimists who are full of excitement and thrill, and pessimists who are full of worry and fear. Admittedly, with the increasing achievements of scientific and technological progress, opportunities and challenges always exist at the same time. Round after round of scientific and technological revolution makes human beings are more and more at a loss for the unknown and uncontrollable about the development trend of science and technology. In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence technology, especially ChatGPT technology, has gradually begun to be widely used and enter people's life experience, so that people in the joy of new technology, but also strongly feel its development trend may bring risks and threats to the development of human society. Under the guidance of Marx's ethical view of science and technology, the ethical value of this new technology can be correctly understood from its essence to provide enlightenment for people to rationally utilize and further develop this technology.
In fact, science and technology itself does nothing, the discoverers of science are human beings, the inventors of technology are human beings, and the people who apply and improve scientific and technological achievements are also human beings. To understand science and technology dialectically is to avoid the worship of science and technology and to avoid devaluing the greatness of man by putting science and technology on the paramount status. As Marx reveals, it is only when the object of our creation is always regarded not as the product of the creator or the gift of others, but as the product of the objectification of man's essential power and the crystallization of man's subject force, that is to say, "only when the object becomes for man the object of man or the man of objectification, man will not lose himself in his object." An important premise for believing in the power of science and technology is to reject the technicalism, promote the status of human subject creation, get rid of technology or material worship, recognize that human is the ultimate creator of material wealth, but also the ultimate dependence of the external world, and establish a no self-interest view of nature.
The advent of ChatGPT with its powerful functions has aroused people's joy and panic, but we must realize that no matter how intelligent it is, from the perspective of the whole human being, it is always the objectification of the essential power of human beings. There is no need to worry that it will surpass the human mind and even become the master of human beings, because it is always a human tool. However, at the same time, as a new development of artificial intelligence technology, the emergence of many new powerful functions has not only played a positive role in promoting social progress, but also brought more ethical challenges and risks to social development. If we can't deeply understand these risks and challenges, we can't really make reasonable use of this technology, so that it will bring more adverse effects on the development and progress of human society. Under the guidance of Marx's scientific and technological ethics, the essence of ChatGPT technology and its own alienation under the logic of capital and the alienation and liberation of human beings by it should be understood correctly. And on this basis we should make a profound ethical reflection so as to get rid of the worship or panic of ChatGPT technology. All of that should be the premise for the reasonable and wide application of this new artificial intelligence technology.
The paper constructs a theoretical model of loan pricing, utilizes a dataset of 244 small and medium-sized banks spanning from 2012 to 2021 and employs a multi-period DID model for empirical analysis to thoroughly explore the impact of strategic cooperation between small and medium-sized banks and technology companies on loan prices. The findings indicate that strategic cooperation between small and medium-sized banks and technology companies leads to lower loan prices through the reduction of loan default rates, operating costs, and capital acquisition costs, thereby alleviating the problem of high financing costs. Notably, medium-sized banks and banks located in the central and western regions exhibit more significant loan price reductions following such strategic cooperation. Furthermore, the enhancement of financial regulations contributes to strengthening the mitigating effect of strategic cooperation on alleviating high financing costs. Extensive discussions suggest that not only does strategic cooperation mitigate the challenge of high financing costs in areas with scarce formal credit resources, but it also contributes to enhancing the profitability of these banks, thus achieving a symbiotic relationship between inclusive and profit-oriented goals. Therefore, to facilitate high-quality development of inclusive finance, it is imperative for small and medium-sized banks to establish long-term and stable cooperative relationships with technology companies and enhance their loan pricing capabilities through the utilization of financial technology. Additionally, financial regulators should establish a regulatory environment that is conducive to improving the inclusive financial service capabilities of small and medium-sized banks.
In the era of generative AI, the privacy crisis is intensifying. Current research primarily focuses on new methods of privacy invasion brought about by large models and their countermeasures, yet there is scarce attention to the more fundamental issue of the generative information privacy divide. This refers to the gap between the "ought" and the "is" of individual informational privacy, exacerbated by the predictive analytical capabilities and generative functions of multi-modal large models. These technologies enhance the privacy awareness and manipulation power of TA (human and machine agents), resulting in individuals facing a widening disparity in their enjoyment of information privacy. This concept helps to more intuitively reveal the "entanglement" between AI technology, privacy subjects, and privacy itself. The generative information privacy divide may lead to ontological privacy alienation, epistemological cognitive reification, and praxeological behavior "domestication". The key to addressing these issues lies in two main strategies: Firstly, achieving three major paradigm shifts in regulation; Secondly, a tripartite governance approach that simultaneously employs heteronomy, technonomy, and autonomy.
Human brain organoids provide a high-quality model for exploring mechanisms of the cognition, development and disease in the human brain. However, while triggering a revolutionary leap in human brain biomedical research, it will also trigger a series of new crises in life technology ethics and new challenges in classical ethical issues, mainly involving moral status of human brain organoids, moral humanization of animal/non-living entity and ethical issues related to human brain organoids biobanks. Based on ethical norms analysis, it is recommended to analyze the above-mentioned ethical dilemmas in depth and classify human brain organoids research and application for ethical governance: conduct routine reviews for low-risk research and applications, and add expert review procedures for high-risk research and applications.It also calls for the research community to collaborate, fully discuss, and jointly review in order to solve the ‘Colin Grinch dilemma’ and guide responsible innovation in human brain organoids research and application.
In the long run, the growth of scientific and technological output depends more on the improvement of scientific and technological output efficiency than the increase of scientific and technological input. The hierarchical structure of scientific and technological talents plays an important role in the efficiency of scientific and technological output. This paper uses the Malmquist index research method based on DEA to dynamically measure the efficiency of scientific and technological output and its decomposition index in Shenzhen, and analyzes the correlation between the measurement results and the changes in the number of scientific and technological talents at all levels in Shenzhen. The study finds that the second level of scientific and technological talents and the efficiency of scientific and technological output show a strong significant correlation, while the top and bottom levels of scientific and technological talents have no significant correlation. The formulation of science and technology and talent policies should refer to the measurement results for hierarchical and targeted talent introduction.
In the digital economy, corporate entrepreneurship has become an important way for large enterprises to explore new opportunities and build new advantages, which has strategic significance for high-quality development in the new development era. However, most large enterprises in China do not carry out corporate entrepreneurship smoothly and have low entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, how to stimulate corporate entrepreneurship of large enterprises in the digital economy to achieve high-quality development has become an important issue. Based on the perspective of organization-environment interaction, this study constructs a theoretical framework of corporate entrepreneurship in the digital economy, and conducts a configuration analysis of 49 large Chinese enterprises using the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis method. The results show that: (1) there are three matching modes for high-level corporate entrepreneurship in the digital economy, including “resource-capability autonomy”, “resource-government complementarity”, and “organization-environment synergy”; (2) Under certain combinations, organizational and environmental conditions can promote high levels of corporate entrepreneurship through complementary combination or equivalent substitution. As a key condition, digital resource endowment plays a more universal role in the process; (3) State-owned enterprises and private enterprises have exclusive paths to high-level corporate entrepreneurship. State-owned enterprises tend to prefer the “government driven-capability supported” model, while private enterprises focus on developing the “capability led-internal oriented” model. The theoretical contributions highlight as follows: (1) we construct a theoretical framework of corporate entrepreneurship in the digital economy, reveal the synergistic driving mechanism of organizational and environmental conditions integrating digital elements on corporate entrepreneurship in large enterprises, and promote the research on the antecedents of corporate entrepreneurship in the digital context; (2) we identify the complementary matching effect between digital resources and digital capabilities, reveal the path mechanism of their orchestration linkage leading to high-level corporate entrepreneurship, and expand the application of resource orchestration theory in corporate entrepreneurship research; (3) we refine the exclusive configurations of high-level corporate entrepreneurship in state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, reveal the heterogeneity and complexity of the driving mechanism of corporate entrepreneurship, and deepen the applicable boundaries of different paths of corporate entrepreneurship.
Data has emerged as a new type of production factor following traditional factors such as land, labor, capital, and technology. The integration of data into social production and service to generate new knowledge and economic value marks the process of realizing data value. Compared to traditional production factors, data exhibits characteristics of non-competitiveness and partial exclusivity. Therefore, the key to realizing public data value lies in achieving network effects and economies of scale through integrated use, public use, and multiple reuse. Cities are macro platforms and institutional domains for data generation, aggregation and circulation. Enhancing the knowledge production efficiency from massive public data in urban settings is imperative for the development of the digital economy. However, the overall mechanism of realizing the value of urban public data, particularly the role of the government, has not been sufficiently theorized.
This study aims to identify the mechanisms and governmental roles that drive the value transition from data to knowledge in the realization of urban public data. Beijing, as a pioneering city in developing the digital economy and establishing the data market, serves as the case of this study. To ensure the reliability and validity of the case study, we employ a triangulation approach involving multiple sources of evidence, including field research, semi-structured interviews, policy documents, and statistical data.
Based on the case study of Beijing, this research reveals that local government employs two mechanisms, "technological enablement" and "institutional empowerment," to address challenges in data value realization. Technological enablement refers to enhancing the data generation and application capabilities of relevant entities through digital technologies. Institutional empowerment involves defining responsibilities, rights, and interests among various actors through laws, regulations, and policies, providing legitimacy and action incentives. Technology and institutions interact dynamically, mutually relying on each other, where institutions provide legitimacy and public value for technology application, while technology supports the implementation of institutions. The government's role evolves throughout the process of data value-added. In the processes of data production, aggregation, and the transformation of data into information, the government addresses challenges such as limited data scale, dispersed distribution, and privacy concerns by providing generic infrastructure and institutional standards. As information transforms into knowledge, the autonomy of the market become increasingly significant. The government primarily empowers the market through mechanisms such as scenario openness and service procurement.
It is noteworthy that, in practice, local governments tend to rely heavily on technological enablement, while the empowering role of institutions remains inadequately utilized. This results in fragmented and incoherent utilization of urban public data. Additionally, the lack of sound institutional frameworks contributes to a certain degree of a "omnipotent government" tendency in current local government practices, potentially inhibiting the autonomy of market entities.
This paper contributes by using city as analytical unit, identifying the overall mechanisms of urban public data value realization, and elucidating the evolution of government roles. It expands the theoretical and empirical perspectives on the realization of public data value, providing insights for promoting the development of data market and building a strong digital economy.
