The metaverse, which represents the comprehensive integration trend of the most advanced information technology, has three main characteristics: the fusion of the virtual and the real, the autonomy and the sociality. The emergence of the metaverse will trigger a linkage change in social production structure, operating mechanism, and relationship status. During the transformation, it will also lead to social risks such as the leakage of user's data privacy, the abuse of power of the metaverse platform, the manipulation of individual consciousness, the increased risk of discrimination, and the ideological Safety cannot be guaranteed . Governance schemes of the social risks should follow the principle of systematization and the concept of multi-governance. In the ethical plans, we should adhere to people-oriented, establish an ethical review organization within the metaverse community, and carry out value sensitive design and value circuit breaker design; In terms of the rule of law plans, legislation should be made timely to clarify legal disputes, and the power of metaverse platform should be regulated by means of public power supervision and protection of user's rights; in terms of technical plans, we could optimize the embeddedness and feasibility of risk responses by means of regulating code by code and govern technology by technology.

At present, the domestic and international situation is undergoing profound and complex changes. On the one hand, the world situation is intricate and changing rapidly, and unstable and uncertain factors have increased significantly; on the other hand, due to the impact of the epidemic, the downward pressure on the domestic economy has increased significantly. Labor employment presents serious challenges. In view of this, we urgently need to find a realistic path for the stability and high-quality employment of the Chinese labor force, which is of great significance to the current economic development and social prosperity. In the era of digital economy, the impact of digital transformation on labor employment of manufacturing companies has received increasing attention. Based on the data of listed Chinese A-share manufacturing companies, this paper finds that digital transformation has significantly promoted labor employment and has become a strong driving force for expanding labor demand and stimulating employment in the digital economy era. In terms of impact mechanism, digital transformation can promote labor employment through three channels: market scale effect, business scope effect and productivity effect. Research based on heterogeneity found that for high-tech companies, technology-intensive companies, and companies in the central and western regions, the employment promotion effect of digital transformation is more obvious. Finally, this article also finds that digital transformation can increase the proportion of highly educated and highly skilled personnel, thus optimizing the labor structure of enterprises. Compared with the previous literature, this paper makes expansions in the following three aspects: First, this paper not only studies the overall impact of digital transformation on employment scale, but also sorts out three mechanisms of market size effect, business scope effect and productivity effect, and conducts empirical tests on this basis. The research enriches the theory and empirical evidence of the micro-effects of digital transformation, thus making up for the deficiencies of existing research. Second, this paper further examines the impact of digital transformation on the employment structure, and finds out that digital transformation will increase the proportion of highly educated personnel and highly skilled personnel, improve the human capital structure of enterprises, and form a useful supplement to the microscopic research on human capital. Third, this paper introduces factors such as industry attributes, location, and factor density into empirical analysis to explore whether digital transformation has a heterogeneous impact on the human capital of manufacturing enterprises. The research of this paper reveals the internal mechanism of the impact of digital transformation on the employment scale and structure of enterprises to a certain extent, and has important implications for all parties in the labor market. For individual workers, it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the structural changes in the labor market, pay close attention to new technologies, new formats, new products, and new business models emerging in the process of digital transformation, so as to achieve high-quality matching with the labor market. For colleges and universities, it is necessary to strengthen the quality of personnel training to ensure that graduates have the corresponding job skills. From the government's point of view, the level of public employment services should be further improved to help workers and enterprises better cope with structural unemployment.

The emergence of knowledge broker makes it possible to cross the "Caplan Gap" between academia and politics, which hinders the translation of knowledge into policy. Then, what is knowledge broker? How does it facilitate the transformation of knowledge into policy? The paper first explores the origins, connotations and types of knowledge broker, and then explores the knowledge management function, bridging function, two-way capacity building function, coherence seeking function and knowledge navigation function of knowledge broker in the alignment network linking academia and politics from the perspective of "structural hole" theory. However, knowledge broker also faces three highly challenging and controversial issues, namely, vulnerability, double marginality, and moral hazard. Theoretically clarifying the issue of knowledge broker has important implications for bridging the "last mile" from academic research to public policy in China.

In recent years, a large number of digital platform enterprises with ecological strategies have flourished and many valuable research works have emerged. However, different research fields use their own terms, theories and methods, resulting in theoretical differences on many important issues, which will not only cause ambiguity in practice, but also hinder the further development and integration of digital platform ecosystem researches. Therefore, this study attempts to systematize the researches related to digital platform ecosystem by sorting out the core views of different research schools. On this basis, this study further expounds the possible research directions of digital platform ecosystem in the future, contributes knowledge to the development of platform ecosystem in the face of the digital economy. Some existing studies have confused the concepts of "platform", "platform ecosystem" and "digital platform ecosystem" to a certain extent. This study firstly clarifies the definitions of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem to avoid the ambiguity and confusion of similar concepts. At the same time, this study selects 368 papers that are highly relevant to digital platform ecosystem based on the differences in the concepts and research content of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem, and conducts a statistical analysis of the literature. Secondly, this study compares the research focus of the economic perspective, technical perspective, organizational perspective and strategic perspective by reviewing the literature related to digital platform ecosystem. The economics perspective views platforms primarily as two-sided markets, focuses on the network effects, platform competition and interdependence of different aspects of the market. Technical perspective emphasizes platform as system, focusing on technical architecture design and architecture evaluation of digital platform ecosystem. The organizational perspective explicitly conceptualizes the platform and complementors as a unique form of organization: the meta-organization. The strategic perspective views platforms as a way to find strategic coherence, focuses on the organizational and governance characteristics specific to platform to extend existing strategy theory and examine how complementors use different strategies to influence their value creation activities. Finally, this study proposes directions for more in-depth exploration of future research themes, research content and research design from the perspectives of economics, technology, organization and strategy, integrates the views of various research schools and proposes a theoretical framework, in order to promote the development and integration of future research. This study attempts to break through the isolation between research schools through a systematic literature review to achieve the sorting and integration of cross-disciplinary research. It contributes to the future study of digital platform ecosystem that closely links platform phenomena with classical theories, realize dynamic, richer research scenarios and diverse research methods. The main contributions of this study are as follows. Firstly, drawing on previous researches, we provide definitions and conceptualizations of platform, platform ecosystem and digital platform ecosystem to avoid confusion between these three concepts. Secondly, this study summarizes the core issues of existing research from economic perspective, technical perspective, organizational perspective and strategic perspective, and helps to generate more dialogue across different research schools. Thirdly, we propose possible future research directions for the digital platform ecosystem and hope to make more rapid progress in future research and practice, thus contributing to the study of the digital platform ecosystem.

With the continuous advancement of digital economy and green development, whether the digital transformation of enterprises can promote the quality and quantity of green innovation is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the perspective of resources, taking the data of 748 listed enterprises from 2015 to 2020 as samples, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of digitization on the quality and quantity of green innovation and the characteristics of heterogeneity, and tests the intermediary role of innovation resource investment. The research found that: (1) digitization has a significant positive effect on the quality and quantity of green innovation, which can better improve the quality of green innovation. (2) Innovative human resources investment and innovative financial resources investment play a partial intermediary effect between digitization and the quality and quantity of enterprise green innovation. (3) Heterogeneity analysis shows that compared with non-state-owned, non-politically related and eastern enterprises, the digitization of state-owned, politically related and non-eastern enterprises can better improve the quality and quantity of green innovation. (4) The economic consequence analysis shows that the direct positive impact of digitization on enterprise value is not significant, but the quality of green innovation plays a significant intermediate role.

Abstract:The process of scientific research activities have a progressive, derived feature of complex structure.The scientific research innovation chain-data chain-publishing chain are closely connected and iterative.The evolution of data ecosystem and its model evolution is crucial to promoting scientific research innovation and expanding knowledge dissemination. On the basis of conceptual backtracking, this paper uses the theory of data ecosystem to elaborate the different data-driven logics of scientific research innovation and academic publishing. According to the different data thinking, data institution,data subject relationship, data management structure, data circulation environment and data management methods, the research data ecosystem can be divided into three gradual stages: closed, expanded and collaborative. Summarize the development trend of research data ecosystem from single to ecological, from fragmentation to system, from unilateral to collaborative, from point-to-point to integration, from manual to intelligent. A theoretical model for the evolution of scientific research data ecological model is proposed, and provide a new idea for promoting the overall quality improvement of each element and link of scientific research ecosystem with scientific data ecological governance.

As a benchmark technology in the field of artificial intelligence, facial recognition technology has many advantages, including naturalness, non-contact, imperceptibility, and concurrency. Nowadays, facial recognition technology is widely used in the public and commercial fields. But at the same time, the risks caused by the technical defects, improper information processing make facial information seriously threatened. Facial information is biometric information and personal sensitive information. In the era of big data, the "informed consent principle", which is the important legal basis for personal information processing, faces practical difficulties in the protection of facial information. Therefore, China needs to regulate the application of facial recognition technology. Specifically, there are three ways to build risk management system of facial recognition technology of China, namely, legal level (risk governance at the source), technical standards (fill-in risk governance), and regulatory sandbox (adaptive risk governance), which help to balance the innovative application of facial recognition technology with the legitimate rights and interests of information subjects, thereby creating responsible facial recognition technology.

From the perspective of technological evolution, the metaverse is the conceptual expression of the technology bodies combination in the development of digital information technology to a certain stage.From the "internal perspective", it is proposed that the essence of metaverse technology is purposeful programming of information digital phenomena and the core mechanism of technology evolution is "combinatorial evolution".Based on this, following the paradigm of complex economics and technology economy, through the research methods of theoretical application, inductive-inference and analytical speculation, the paper demonstrates that the metaverse technology and its industrial development are the internal logical relationship of circular and mutual promotion.The main conclusions are: the metaverse is an integrated expression of the development of the complex digital economy industry; The metaverse technology can promote the subversive change of the industrial structure of the digital economy.Among them, the key technology component module of the the metaverse, the mechanism and path of technological self creation and innovation, the algorithm of technological aggregation and economic formation, and the technology and economy redomained to promote industrial development were clarified.Studying the internal logical relationship between "technology essence and industrial development" has important thinking direction and practical reference significance for many stakeholders such as government industrial planning departments, technology developers, enterprise manufacturers and investors.

Accelerate the digitization process of manufacturing industry, help enterprises with green transformation and development, and bring new opportunities for realizing the win-win goal of "golden mountain and silver mountain" and "green water and green mountain". This paper theoretically analyzes the theoretical mechanism of input digitization on enterprise green transformation production, and empirically tests the impact characteristics and mechanism of input digitization on enterprise pollution emission intensity and green growth efficiency combined with wiod input-output database, China industrial enterprise database and China industrial enterprise pollution emission and governance micro database. The results show that input digitization has a significant "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement" effect, and plays a role through the channels of technological innovation and production flexibility. The expansibility test shows that the "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement " effect of input digitization shows the characteristics of high energy consumption industry is greater than low energy consumption industry, capital intensive industry is greater than technology intensive and labor-intensive industry; Input digitization has stronger "emission reduction" effect on old industrial bases and resource-based cities, and stronger "efficiency enhancemen" effect on non resource-based cities and non old industrial bases.In addition, the high skilled labor factors of enterprises and the technology application and transformation ability of each province have a positive regulatory effect on the "emission reduction and efficiency enhancement" effect of input digitization. The research conclusions provide micro evidence and decision-making basis for accelerating the digital process and building an environment-friendly, optimized and efficient manufacturing development model.

Since the concept of “citizen science” was put forward in the mid-1990s, it has gradually become a new research field. However, the question of "what is citizen science" remains an open one in academia because of the various forms and traditions in the field. This article identifies and compares two major approaches to citizen science, respectively represented by Rick Bonney’s practice-based tradition and Alan Irwin’s politically oriented approach. More specifically, the paper traces the origins of each approach and discusses their content, background, theoretical assumptions, as well as policy impacts. The practice-based citizen science originated from pragmatic reflections of a particular form of scientific practices in which the lay public and amateurs are recruited to execute pre-designed research projects. Based on a “deficit model”, it originally aims at facilitating scientific research by expanding its scope and lowering its cost, as well as improving the citizen participants’ scientific literacy. This practice-based approach has become a way of promoting science education and encouraging citizens to contribute to science, particularly in the United States. In contrast, the politically oriented citizen science was embedded in the theoretical reflections over technoscientific controversies and problematic science policies. It builds on a “dialogue model”, with the aim to explore the proper relationship between science and the wider society. Primarily popular in the European Union, this approach has been playing an important role in advancing the democratization of science and acknowledging citizens’ unique expertise and rights regarding technoscientific affairs. Despite the historical divergences between the two approaches, recent years have witnessed significant attempts to integrate these traditions. Such efforts have benefited from the increasing communications and encounters among scholars of both traditions, along with the growing institutional support to citizen science projects from both government agencies and research organizations. While we do not attempt to unify the definitions and approaches in citizen science, we argue that what characterizes “citizen science” is the novel mode of knowledge production in which citizens are participating as agents, rather than as objects, labor, or instrument. The term “agents” has two-fold implications: first, it acknowledges the participating citizen scientists’ unique expertise, skills, and creativity, and therefore recognizes their impacts and contributions to scientific research; second, it highlights that citizens are active rather than passive participants in citizen science projects, who are not purely the “means” but also the “ends”. Drawing on this new understanding of citizen science, the paper also explores the importance and key points of developing citizen science in China. Against China’s current sociotechnical background, citizen science projects have significant potential to contribute to knowledge production, science education, and technoscientific governance, among others. Citizen science is still in an emerging and preliminary stage in China, which has significant space for further development and professionalization and will benefit from organized promotion among scientists as well as citizens. Moreover, citizen science projects can join forces with the Chinese government’s long-term efforts in science popularization and enforce each other. Lastly, the development of citizen science in China should also be considered within the broader framework of science and technology governance and serve as a tunnel through which marginalized social groups and the general public can have their voices in the decision-making process.

In view of the current development trend and theoretical research of the metaverse, this paper redefines the conceptual connotation of the metaverse. The origin of the metaverse can be traced back to digital data, and its technological source is various digital data generation technologies. According to two topological dimensions, such as the field of action of the digital form and the inter-domain nature of the interaction between the virtual and the real world, the metaverse can be divided into four types of staged forms: pure digital world, digital twin world, virtual-real co-construction world and virtual-real collaborative world. Putting the metaverse in the overall evolution process of the digital form, we found the evolution mechanism between its four development forms. That is, the pure digital world is closely related to the traditional cyberspace and has become the first choice for metaverse innovation, and the digital twin world focuses on the industrial real world. The virtual-real co-construction world integrates the structures and functions of the pure digital world and the digital twin world, and the virtual-real collaborative world is an advanced form of the virtual-real co-constructed world which is driven by the innovation of human digital concepts. This paper clarifies the conceptual connotation, form development and evolution mechanism of the metaverse, and provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent industrial policy formulation and the construction of the governance system of the metaverse.

Fintech ethics is the cornerstone of high-quality development of financial services.. In view of the lack of research on systematic governance ， this paper uncovers the intricate hierarchical structure and evolutionary process through an analysis of the meaning of fintech ethics. This includes the hidden nature of technology, the diversity of its applications, the broad range of its social impacts and vertical interactions across various levels, as well as the horizontal phases of Introductory period, technological invasion, and convergence volatility and cyclical iterative growth. Our research proposes a collaborative governance structure that is guided and preventive during the convergence and volatility period. It highlights the role of a triad of government-led collaborative governance agents that connect the market and individuals. This approach emphasizes the cascade of legal intervention, market regulation, and guided ethical embedding to tackle critical issues such as policy failure, uncontrolled risk, and lack of ethical awareness. By presenting a comparative analysis of practical examples in the world's major economies, it provides recommendations for governance in China's present time with implications for promoting financial reform measures.

Does ChatGPT signal an "intelligent revolution"? It is urgent to make a systematic analysis. In this paper, starting from the evaluation of ChatGPT's innovation effects, the comparative analysis found that it belongs to progressive innovation and disruptive innovation in the series of OpenAI products; Compared with similar competitive products, it is indeed a breakthrough innovation and subversive technological innovation. In contrast to AI in China, ChatGPT has become an important part of the "bottleneck" technology system. It is found that ChatGPT, as a "production tool", forms a paradigm revolution in the supply of productivity tools in the field of artificial intelligence. At the same time, it also realizes the paradigm change of AI ethical governance. The organizational structural elements generated for ChatGPT can be traced back to the organizational mission of OpenAI, the flat project-oriented organization, the financing mechanism innovation with limited returns, and the efficient coupling of open source and crowdsourcing R&D organizational solution in the process of AI ModelOps. These findings lay a solid foundation for further research on ChatGPT's political, economic, and social impacts and related technological governance.

While building trustworthy AI has become a consensus worldwide, the rationality of trustworthy AI concept has always been a source of controversy. Critics challenge the concept by insisting that AI cannot satisfy trust conditions, while advocates attempt to classify AI or stratify trust to open up a space for trustworthy AI, but fail to provide a sound rationale. Restricted by the traditional interpersonal trust model centered on the trustor, critics and defenders are unable to conduct a comprehensive investigation from the dual perspective of human and AI, leading to critics making unilateral judgments and defenders providing failed defenses. Focusing on the trustworthiness and exploring the trustworthiness traits of AI would provide new perspective and feasible ideas to defense.

Technological innovation is a strategic support for improving national competitiveness and guaranteeing national security. Our country has achieved a series of major breakthroughs such as the "two bombs and one satellite" with a nationwide system, laying the cornerstone for national security and striving for prosperity, and has accumulated meaningful experience. At present, under major changes unseen in a century, our country is facing unprecedented strategic opportunities, risks and challenges. In the face of the arduousness and complexity of achieving national goals, we must make a better use of the key role of the new nationwide system on overcoming the "stuck neck" problem and achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance. Therefore, based on the comparative analysis of the development of science and technology in key areas at home and abroad, we conduct dialectical research on the nationwide system of science and technology innovation. We analyzed the nature of the nationwide science and technology innovation system, extracted common key elements and country characteristics, and focused on exploring the advantages and possible implementation risks of the nationwide science and technology innovation system and the contradictions that need to be properly handled to build a new nationwide system of science and technology innovation. At Last, we promote that in order to achieve the greatest contribution to major scientific and technological innovations by the new national system, it is necessary to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in the dialectical balance of advantages and disadvantages so as to make the most advantageous strategic choices and overall planning, promote institutional innovation and system integration innovation, and comprehensively improve the capacity of science, technology and innovation governance.

Brain science is the forefront of modern science and technology development, which brings important ethical and social problems. Ethical and social issues are an important part of brain science programs. The Human Brain Project of European Union (HBP) is an example of integrating ethical and social issues into the whole program, and some of its approaches are innovative and instructive. This paper discusses the ethical governance of the HBP from the aspects of the idea, structure design, ethical governance mechanism and important research issues, summarizes its success factors, and puts forward some references for the scientific and technological ethical governance of China's brain science program and other fields.

The concept of “world scientific activity center” was proposed by J. D. Bernal in the year of 1957, and have raised many interests from globle researchers. Study the matastasis rule of world scientific activity center is of importance to the policy makers for establishing the R&D development strategies. Most of the previous studies analyzed the matastasis rule of the world scientific activity center based on the researchers’ achievements. However, this method is not suitable at present under the background of global integration, while the collaboration among researchers increasing greatly. The transnational flows of high-quality scientists was regarded as can be the representive of vital knowledge spreading. Previous researches have validated this based on study the matastasis of Nobel prize winners or the authors of top journals. They contributed to understand the related rule of world scientific activity center at present. However, these studies also have some limitations. Such as they only studied a small group of researchers, thus the whole phenomenon of the scientists transfer could not be reflected. Based on the above analysis, this paper collects the scientific papers published from 1921 to 2020 in the Scopus database, extracts the transnational flow sequence of each high-quality scientists, which are the top1% h-index researchers in each disciplines of the Scopus database, from these papers, and systematically analyzes the matastasis rule of world scientific activity center in the 100 years both in the whole level and the disciplinary level. Specially, the ten important disciplines including agricultural and biological sciences, biochemistry, genetics and molecular biolog, physics and astronomy, multidisciplinary, neuroscience, immunology and microbiology, materials science, chemistry, medicine, and engineering are selected into study, due to their intimate relationships with the world scientific activity center proven by previous studies. Results show that, first, the world scientific center or disciplinary activity center is not sole. There could be more than one world scientific center or disciplinary activity center in the same period. For example, the USA, UK, Germany and Italy have been the world scientific activity centers in multible periods and among various disciplines. Second, both the world scientific activity center and the disciplinary activity center could transfer over time, and the transfer direction was not one-way. Besides, the transfer process of these two kind of centers are synchronous. When a region was the world scientific activity center, it was often several disciplines’ activity center, and vice versa. For example, the USA was almost all the disciplines’ activity centers in the entire period. Thus the world scientific activity center could be regarded as the additive effect of the different disciplines. Third, different disciplines contributed differently to the formation of scientific activity center in the certain period. The diversified development of science and the interdisciplinary integration have moderated the difference, it is hard to distinguish which disciplines have the higher contribution degrees. Last, China has been the world scientifc activity center since the year of 2004. But it still has a significant gap from the developed countries. The disciplines of multidisciplinary, medicine and neuroscience still need to be developed in the future. Specially, significant attentions should be paid to the emerged scientific and technological domains, the R&D input should be raised and the balance development among disciplines should be also sidelined in the future.