Philip Kitcher consider that the image of science which base on moderate realism is practical, This is also the epistemology basis for the democratization of Science,at the same time, Brown has discussed the scientific basis for the democratization of science.The two bases are important prerequisites to the construction of?"Well ordered science" ideal which aims to provide standard to scientific practice governance."Well-ordered science" ideal demand the" process of ideal deliberation" throughout the whole process of scientific funding, specific research content and transformation of research results,so that to ensure that democratic forces can always play a role.Basing on the visual angle of "well-ordered science" ideal，the recent outbreak of the CEPC-SPPC controversy reflects at least three significant problems in China's current scientific practice governance:1)The ideal barriers of the "governance" of scientific practice in china;2)The governance subject fails to fully realize the democratic mode of scientific practice governance and its diversity and concreteness;3)The governance subject failed to identify the dual purpose of popularization of science:"Understanding" and "participation".To solve these problems, the following ideas seem to be available for reference:1)In ideological aspect,strengthening the holistic thinking in understanding scientific practice;2)In theoretical research aspect,leading the dimension of Universal Pragmatics;3)In system construction,paying attention to the justice principle of scientific practice management.
This paper started from the practical question of “what determines the career attainment outcomes of Chinese academics?”, and examined how universalistic and particularistic factors would influence the career attainment of the Chinese academic labor market. It is found that the particilaristic factors such as Ph.D program, mentor’s recognition, overseas experience and inbreeding possibilities would significantly impact the career attainment outcomes, while there was discplinary differences of the impact of the academic performences. It further explained how the cultural and social structure of the Chinese academic labor market would influence the career attainment of the scholars.
Evaluation activity in science and technology policy research needs accurate and standardized methods as well as support of mass data and facts. In view of the dilemma that evaluators are facing increasingly diversified theories and methods in their practice, this paper simply and reasonably merged them into four categories of sociological methods, statistical methods, economic analysis and bibliometric methods based on the development of the evaluation methods and their application. To get better understanding and application of these methods, we also gave some comments in this paper.
Based on the 216 wind power industry policies issued by country's departments at the ministerial level and above from China's economic transition period till now (from year 1994 to 2015). This paper employed the Negative Binomial Regression Estimate Model to research the impact of the potency dimension of industrial policy and regional innovation environment on the innovation performance of wind power enterprises. The research results show as follows: the potency dimension of finance and taxation support policy and the technical support policy have a positive effect on innovation performance of wind power enterprises; the potency dimension of technical specification policy has a negative effect on innovation performance of wind power enterprises. The effect of wind power industry policy on the innovation performance of micro-enterprises is affected by the regional innovation environment and there are significant differences. The effect of wind power industry policy on different ownership enterprises' innovation output efficiency also has significant differences. This paper suggests that industrial policies should be based on the regional innovation environment and the enterprise type difference, to implement differentiated innovation-driven industrial policies, so as to make industrial policy better serve the improvement in the innovation performance of wind power enterprises.
In theory, the essence of industrial structure optimization and upgrading is the transfer of production factors from the inefficient production sector to the high-efficiency production sector. This will inevitably have an impact on the efficiency of technological innovation. However, in practice, the market mechanism may, when guiding the production factors, Not as efficient and smooth as we expected. The dynamic space measurement model is used to directly examine the effect of the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure on the efficiency of technological innovation from the perspective of inter-provincial macro-view. The results show that there are obvious path dependence characteristics in the inter-provincial technological innovation efficiency, Showing a "snowball effect"; from the spatial dimension, showing a significant geographical dependence characteristics, there is a positive spatial spillover effect. The optimization and upgrading of industrial structure can significantly promote the formation of spatial spillover effect of technological innovation efficiency. The relationship between the two should be "spiral up", and other factors that affect the spatial spillover effect of technological innovation efficiency are also analyzed.
Regarding government recognition of “high-tech recognition” policy （Hereinafter referred to as KJRD） as government-enterprise innovation alliance and resource allocation mechanism, the paper mainly investigates corporate innovation output of listed firms under different public and corporate governance environments. Our findings indicate different from S.O.Es, innovation output of Non-S.O.Es was significantly improved after obtaining KJRD. And further tests prove that with reduction of expected government economic intervention or improvement of corporate governance, innovation governance role of KJRD was further strengthened. Enhancing external government quality or internal corporate governance quality would both streamline institutional environment of KJRD implementation. In general, government “helping hand” effects of KJRD dominates “political resource curse” effects. The paper indicates that enhancing innovation governance role of KJRD depends on efficiently public innovation resource allocation and internal corporate innovation capital utilizing. Therefore, The paper clarify current mixed evidence on the relationship between industrial policy and corporate innovation, which has important theoretical and policy implications for better understanding the role of government on constructing inclusive innovation governance system and accomplishing targeted innovation governance.
Based on Chinese panel data of 27 provinces in high-tech industry over the period from 1999 to 2014, the paper studies the influence of technical activities, including independent innovation, simulating innovation and technology imitation, on TFP in the framework of technology learning curve with Spatial Durbin Model. And then the paper identifies the development phases of high-tech industry and spatial spillover of technical activities. The results show that independent innovation influences TFP with the inverted U-shaped curvilinear effects and simulating innovation influences TFP with the U-shaped curvilinear effects in high-tech industry. The effect of technology imitation is not significant. It means that the impetus of technology imitation on TFP has moderated or even vanishes. The effect of simulating innovation turns from non-significant to positive. The effect of independent innovation turns from positive to non-significant. And independent innovation has a greater impact on TFP than simulating innovation. Technological level is close to international advanced technique. In addition, innovation activities have the obvious spatial spillover effect and the spatial spillover effect is greater than intraregional direct effect.
The number of valid patents owned by domestic innovators in China has increased significantly, but their patent application level and the ability of patent revenue have not been improved timely, so the burdens of annual fees for patents renewal have a certain impact on the sustainable development of innovations. On the basis of the analysis of basic principles of the annual fee system of patents renewal, through the research of survey findings of the annual fee system of patent maintenance for domestic innovators, conclusions are that: the number of valid patents in China increased significantly, while the burden of patents annual fee is too high; the annual fee system of patent maintenance is a monetary policy tool promoting innovation, which is similar to the tax leverage; the existing annual fee system of patent maintenance is not conducive to promoting the sustainable innovation activities, its comprehensive reform is beneficial to the implementation of the Innovation-driven Strategy and the Building of IP Power in China. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to perfect the annual fee system of patent maintenance in China.
It is essential to strengthen university-industry interaction for carrying out the strategy of innovation-driven development. With the perspective of microcosmic body, universities’ researchers, this article identifies three types of channels of university-industry knowledge transfer in China, academic engagement, commercialization and human resource transfer. It constructs a concept frame of university-industry knowledge transfer including three types of factors, individual characteristics, organization atmosphere and external environment. By using the survey data from four industry characteristic universities, this article analyzes what factors impact the anticipating decisions of researchers in China’s university-industry knowledge transfer. The empirical results argue that the insufficiency of institutional supply on the university level is a bottleneck that obstruct university-industry knowledge transfer in China.
Focused on the connection of pro-social and social entrepreneurship opportunity exploitation. The two-stage theory of entrepreneurial behavior was extended to the field of social entrepreneurship and opportunity exploitation process was decomposed into the third person opportunity and the first-person opportunity. On the basis of that, the pro-social factors were also introduced. From the research, the non-related pro-social motivation directly affects the process of the third person opportunity and related pro-social motivation directly affects the process of the first person opportunity. The influence mechanism of pro-social in social entrepreneurship opportunity exploitation process was explored as well as the society entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation model was constructed. By the way, the theoretical foundation for further research on social entrepreneurship opportunity has been established.
Based on organizational learning theory, we investigate the direct effect of learning orientation on alliance management capability, the mediating role of alliance management practice adoption in the above relationship, and the moderating effect of competitive regime of the alliance on the mediating effect. The empirical results from 185 alliances from China reveal that learning orientation has a positive effect on alliance management capability and alliance management practice adoption mediates the examined relationship. Besides, competitive regime of the alliance moderates the relationship between learning orientation and alliance management capability in such a way that when there is a high level of competitiion between the focal firm and its partner, the mediation effect will become weaker. Our findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for firms’ alliance management.
Service innovation is the basis for the survival of professional service sectors. However, as the innovative service is often imitable, professional service firms are facing severe challenges of imitation, especially under weak appropriability regime in China. To explore the appropriability mechanisms in professional service sector, this paper conducts exploratory case study and draws three conclusions based on the grounded theory: 1) appropriability mechanism in professional service sector is defined as the means for professional service firms to prevent imitation, protect both innovation itself and the increased rents due to innovation activities. Three endogenous mechanisms are property protection, internal isolation and customer anchored, constituting two different appropriability strategies, as the former two for defensive strategy and the latter one for aggressive strategy. Besides, the aggressive strategy is more emphasized. 2) Appropriability mechanisms are more focused on increasing appropriability revenue rather than reducing imitation. 3) The three appropriability mechanisms have different positive effects on reducing imitation and increasing appropriability revenue.
Existing research has pointed out the importance of integrating organizational ambidexterity into international business, but doesn’t uncover the question whether firms should and are able to implement exploring and exploiting internationalization simultaneously, and under what conditions is more beneficial. This paper integrates organizational ambidexterity and international business to define the concept of balance and combined dimensions of international ambidexterity, and tests their impact on innovation performance and the moderating effect of internal and external competitive intensity. Based on survey data of 227 Chinese manufacturing firms, we find that balance and combined dimensions of international ambidexterity both positively influence innovation performance, internal competitive intensity negatively and external competitive intensity positively moderate their relationships respectively. This paper supports the international ambidexterity theory and contributes to the boundary conditions.
Combining the theory of planned behavior, this paper took high-end manufacturing companies as the example to explore the relationship between different types of environmental regulations, green technology innovation intention and green technology innovation behavior. Using hierarchical regression analysis, the results showed that command and control type environmental regulation and market-based incentive environmental regulation have significant direct positive effects on green technology innovation intention and behavior, in which the effect of command and control type environment regulation on green technology innovation intention is greater, the effect of market-based incentive environmental regulation on green technology innovation behavior is greater, and green technology innovation intention has a significant direct positive impact on green technology innovation behavior. The findings also suggested that green technology innovation intention plays different mediating roles in different types of environmental regulation and green technology innovation behavior, that is, it fully mediates the relationship between command and control type environmental regulation and green technology innovation behavior, while partially mediates the relationship between market-based incentive environmental regulation and green technology innovation behavior. The results uncovered the reasons that exists in the phenomenon of “incomplete regulation” and found the mediator variable which further supports the “Porter hypothesis”.
Faced with the double constraints of resources and environment, the effective integration of internal governance and external regulation, is directly related to the enthusiasm of enterprise green technology innovation. Based on the theory of institutional regulation and technological innovation, with the 45 listed companies of the heavy polluting industry in A-share market of Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2009-2014 as samples, this paper examines the mechanism of the board governance in the impact of environmental regulation on enterprise green technology innovation. The study shows that the environmental regulation itself has no significant effect on enterprise green technology innovation. The board governance has a significant positive impact on enterprise green technology innovation, and the board governance has a significant positive effect on the environmental regulation impact of enterprise green technology innovation. The conclusion of the research shows that the implementation of the external environmental policy and the improvement of the board governance level is of great significance to promote the green technology innovation, to improve the efficiency and to reduce the pollution, in the face of the objective reality that the environmental carrying capacity of our country has reached or approached the upper limit.
Creativity is the basis of organizational development. Some scholars have attempted to explore the influence of Zhongyong, a traditional value orientation of China, on creativity. However, we still have had no consistent conclusion about the relationship between Zhongyong and creativity. For the purpose of clarifying the role that Zhongyong played in creativity, this research categorized the creativity into incremental creativity and radical creativity, and explored the influence of Zhongyong on both types of creativity. Our theoretical propositions are empirically validated by multisource data collected from 167 employees of 32 work teams in China. The results of hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) show that Zhongyong exhibited significantly negative effect on radical creativity. Meanwhile, Zhongyong is positively related to incremental creativity when the Zhongyong climate strength is high rather than low. These findings implicate the application of Zhongyong to promote employees’ moderate creative behavior in China.
