There are increasingly more studies about how to overpass rivals on quality and efficiency, make breakthrough in key industrial technology, and boost the conversion from science to innovation, by supporting the research of basic science. However, there are few studies about how to make scientific research acquire legitimacy and specifically what kind of legitimacy. Longitudinally focusing on the quantum technology according to the stage characteristics of legitimacy formation and the legitimacy bases, this study analyzed the relationships among money, institution, industry, and talent (MIIT), as well as their interactions and consequences. This study has two findings: (1) In the process of legalization, the interaction mode of MIIT alters with the change of subjects’ role, motive, and behavior pattern; the evolution of the interaction mode enhances the research capability of science and technology; the interactions of MIIT directly lead to cognitive legitimacy, and the interactions helps to develop norm legitimacy and regulation legitimacy by boosting the research capability and outcome. (2) Legitimacy is a continuous variable, and there is a tendency that its extent and scope increase along the process of legalization. The main contribution of this study relies on the analysis of the micro mechanism of legitimacy formation and evolution, and the finding of legitimacy’s evolution pattern.
Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has attached great importance to national security and put forward the concept of overall national security. Economic security is the foundation of national security. With in-depth integration of technology and economic and social development, the influence of technology on economic security is becoming increasingly prominent. In the context of economic globalization and the emergence of technological and industrial revolution, attention should be paid to the influence of technological factors on the economic security. The corresponding theoretical and empirical research should be carried out. From the perspective of emerging discipline construction, this paper 1) puts forward the concept of techno-economic security; 2)describes nine features of it from three dimensions of time, space and techno-economy; 3) analyzes relationships and differences between related studies of industrial security, technological security, techno-economics; and 4) proposes the priorities of techno-economic security research.
Different nations construct the National Innovation System (NIS) to promote the innovation capability in the 20 century, while the results differ. To explain this phenomenon, this paper proposes the concept and taxonomy of linkage policy to analyse the policies published by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) from 2001 to 2015 using the method of policy content analysis. This paper gets the conclusion that, firstly, the linkage policy could solve the problem of NIS operation failure. Secondly, China NIS had used the linkage policy with feature of ‘linear model’. Finally, this paper makes policy recommendations.
Strategic emerging industry is a new economic growth point, and plays an important leading role in economic transformation and upgrading. The development of strategic emerging industries can not be separated from the support of fiscal and taxation policies, but the effectiveness of industrial policies depends on the scientificity and accuracy of policy making. This paper constructs a mechanism to support industrial policy tools and the function of industrial policy and industry development policy to adapt to the needs of the policy analysis framework to reveal the instruments of industrial policy and industrial policy and industry development policy to adapt to the needs of the policy evolution mechanism. The principle of emerging industry development policy support mechanism, and put forward the feedback correction policy analysis method, find the factors that restrict the role of the mechanism, to further improve the policy support mechanism in the development of emerging industries structure theory. This paper puts forward policy optimization ideas from three aspects of demand side, supply side and environment aspect, so as to provide reference policy suggestions for the healthy development of strategic emerging industries in china.
The financial gap between the financial subsidies too large will be conducive to indust- rial restructuring and upgrading. This paper uses the inter-provincial panel data of China's high- tech industry from 2003 to 2015, taking “financial subsidy strength” as the index, Using ArcGIS technology to China's high-tech industry financial subsidies for the spatial pattern of analysis, at the same time, combined with Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method and Kernel density nonparametric estimation method, systematically examined the regional differences and dynamic evolution of the financial subsidy intensity of China's high-tech industry. Get the following concl- usions: (1) ArcGIS visualization analysis shows that the financial subsidy intensity of China's high -tech industry presents spatial non-equilibrium characteristics; (2) The Dagum Gini coefficient and its subgroups show that the Gini coefficient is increasing and the regional gap is gradually expand- ing, the regional disparity is the main source of regional differences in the financial subsidy intens-ity of China's high-tech industry;(3) The estimation of Kernel density shows that the financial subsidy intensity of China's high-tech industry is slightly increased, and the regional difference of financial subsidy intensity has undergone the evolutionary stage of “shrinking, widening and renarrowing”, there are multipolar phenomena.
Research on dynamic interaction effects among government subsidies, R&D investment and innovation performance, based on the panel data of different ownership pharmaceutical listed companies in China from 2008 to 2015 with PVAR model, using impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis methods. Results show that the government subsidies and R&D investment are lagging behind the 1-3 phase of mutual promotion, the performance of state-owned enterprises is more significant than that of non-state-owned enterprises. R&D investment and innovation performance are lagging behind the 1-3 phase of mutual promotion, the performance of non-state-owned enterprises is more significant than that of state-owned enterprises. Government subsidies will improve the innovation performance, but innovation performance will restrain the amount of government subsidies for the next 1-2 years. The performance of non-state-owned enterprises is more significant than that of state-owned enterprises. The findings could positively contribute to the decision making of government subsidy policy and the establishment and improvement of enterprise innovation research and development strategy.
In order to improve the effectiveness of the judicial protection in our country, it is urgent to analyze the patent decision-making mode of the enterprise under the patent judicial protection system from the micro level, and to provide the policy guidance for adjusting the judicial protection of the patent. This paper first analyzes the general model of patent decision-making behavior under the patent judicial protection system, then makes an empirical study on the amount of patent infringement compensation in our country. Combining the empirical study results with the general model, the paper obtains the impact mechanism of patent judicial protection on patent decision - making behavior. Based on this, the paper analyzes the impact of the adjustment of the judicial protection system in our country on the patent decision-making behavior of the enterprise. The results show that the references factors for determination the statutory compensation in China covers the reference factors of determining the other three types of patent infringement compensation, and the statutory compensation has a certain positive effect. With the latest "Patent Law Draft Amendment (Draft)"the new patent law improving the statutory compensation and increasing the punitive damages, the patent protection will be obviously enhanced, then the enterprises are more inclined to choose the patent strategy of independent innovation.
The development of industry is inseparable from the support of science and technology, it has important significance for the sustained and healthy development of the industry. The emergency industry is at the initial stage of development, it will enhance its emergency response and rescue capabilities to evaluate the emergency industry technical support ability objectively and scientifically. The study builds emergency industry technical support ability evaluation index from technology investment, technology research and development, technical output and technical services four aspects，use the principal component analysis method to do analysis. The results shows that the emergency technical support ability in our country has serious regional differences. Finally combining the research results, suggestions are presented to improve the technical support capability.
The measure of business success is one of the key problems in the field of entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurial success was not only debated fiercely in the industry,after coming into the academic field, it also aroused widespread discussion in the theoretical circles. At present, the connotation of entrepreneurial success, dimensions and measurement are rare, there is still controversy. Based on the existent study of entrepreneurial success, this paper refines and improves the entrepreneurial success dimensions and develops the corresponding measurement scale through the systematic combing of literature and semi-structure interviews of entrepreneurs. It uses the second large-scale questionnaire to collect first-hand data and analyzes exploratory factor and verification factor of the data. Results show that the measuring scale has high reliability and validity . The empirical results show that measurement scale developed in this research well reflects the connotation of entrepreneurial success, and makes up for the deficiency of entrepreneurial success dimensions and scale of the existing research . In the end,the study reviews the limitations of the study and look forward to the future research directions to provide reference for research scholars in the entrepreneurial field.
Although returnee entrepreneurs possess outstanding resource endowments and enjoy abundant political policy supports, the entrepreneurial funding activity are still the primary challenge for them. Because capital market is rational, returnee entrepreneurs cannot absorb investments only based on their status as “returnee”. Therefore, they may encounter difficulties during funding activities. According to expectancy violation theory, this paper regards difficulties of entrepreneurial funding as funding expectancy violation, and tests the negative effect of funding expectancy violation on the satisfaction of the entrepreneurial funding environment. Additionally, we find that there exists a halo effect that funding expectancy violation is associated with other entrepreneurial environments. Funding expectancy violation can decrease returnee entrepreneurs’ satisfactions of the policy support environment and the infrastructure environment. It is indicated that difficulties of funding activities will also lead returnee entrepreneurs to blaming to the government and the construction of infrastructure . This paper contributes to expectancy violation literatures, and then provides another explanation of the reason why returnee entrepreneurs dissatisfy with the government.
The paper takes Internet start-up companies in China from 2000 to 2014 as the research object, the spatial evolution process of Internet entrepreneurial activities was analyzed by the methods of coefficient of variation, Spatial Gini coefficient and clustering analysis. The results show that: firstly, there are significant regional differences in the rapid development of Internet industry; secondly, the Internet entrepreneurial center - edge spatial pattern are formed; finally, the Internet entrepreneurial activities aggregate differently under the interaction of technology and market. Indeed, the Internet technology to some extent, weakened the spatial constraints of industrial activities, and even built a "spaceless" of the Internet market, but the results of spatio-temporal evolution of China's Internet entrepreneurial activities show the evolution of Internet entrepreneurial activity with geographical embeddedness.
It sets up the theory model on the relationship among the university-enterprise cooperation enterprise patent, patent risk control measures, tacit knowledge transfer performance and innovation policy based on the triple helix innovation perspective. By 200 valid questionnaire model fitting and regression analysis, it draws the following conclusions: (1) the enterprise patent risk a negative impact on tacit knowledge transfer performance; (2) enterprise patent risk control measures can reduce enterprise patent risk; (3) the informal control measures have a significant positive correlation on tacit knowledge transfer performance, and formal control measures will weak tacit knowledge transfer performance; (4) the innovation policy has a significant adjustment function on the relationship between formal control measures and tacit knowledge transfer performance. finally, it discusses the future research orientations.
Transnational strategic alliance is an effective way of internationalizing and obtaining legitimacy in new entry environment for companies lacking resources and experiences. However, the lack of attention to the factors of organizational resources and capabilities will seriously affect the effective acquisition of legitimacy. In this study, we selected 36 cases from a database of 112 Chinese company’s strategic alliances, which is collected by ourselves, to carry out a mixed study aiming at looking into the mechanism of acquiring legitimacy in “going abroad”. Results show that resources complementarity works in two ways for companies to obtain legitimacy, and they will lead to different effects. This study shed lights on theories of legitimacy and will give guidance to legitimacy acquisition for Chinese company’s internationalization in practice.
The negative impacts of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) and the governance challenges of emerging technologies have triggered concerns on “Responsible Innovation (RI)”, from academia and policy. Based on a comprehensive review of RI literature, this paper establishes an integrated framework of “Connotation-Theory-Approach” for systemically reviewing the connotations, theory foundations, and practical approaches of RI. The results indicate that: connotations of RI derive from three perspectives – intrinsic attribute perspective, innovation process and management perspective, and innovation performance evaluation perspective; theory foundations of RI involve five branches: theory of justice, technology social control perspective, Actor-network Theory, institutional theory, and innovation diffusion theory; and practical approaches of RI refer to: grounded research, ethical analysis, real-time technology assessment, technologies of humility and participation governance, upstream public engagement, midstream modulation of technology governance, and social appraisal of technology.
Innovation-driven strategies have become the core of national development during the transition period in China, where the research into ethical issues such as the dislocation of accountability structures and the emergence of value conflicts is insufficient. From the perspective of responsible innovation, this paper firstly introduced the methods of socio-technical value analyses (CTA and VSD) to determine value agents, whereby constructed the proxy accountability structures of value conflicts. Furthermore, the transformation chain of value conflicts was brought up in the light of technological niche theory. According to the main scenarios of value conflicts, we divided the transformation processes into four stages (the early warning, the upgrading, the adjustment and the stabilization) and indicated different characteristics based on certain concrete cases. Finally, the socio-technical value analyses were incorporated with the transformation chain of value conflicts, aiming at developing a multi-process dynamic framework of responsible innovation.
To evaluate objectively the Innovation Ecosystem Cooperativity (IEC) is conductive to promoting regional sustained and healthy development of hi - tech industries. Through using innovation ecosystem theory, Lotka-Volterra model, cluster analysis method, this paper constructs a set of relatively systematic classified evaluation system of IEC in regard to regional hi – tech industries. Based on the statistical data of China’ s hi - tech industries’ statistical yearbook (1997 - 2014), from the perspective of Production and Management (PM), R&D activities (RD) and investment in Fixed Assets (FA), classified evaluation results and optimizing countermeasures for China’ s 31 provinces and cities’ IEC in regard to regional hi - tech industries are provided in this paper. The study shows that the IEC of China’s hi - tech industry is generally quite good. However, great disparities exist for different rank of PM and equilibrium state when comparing hi - tech industries in different types of provinces and cities. To improve the efficiency of FA and RD, and to promote the coordination of RD and FA, are main path to improve IEC of hi – tech industries in the provinces and cities with some disequilibrium. The results of this study provide some practical enlightenments for different types of provinces and cities in improving IEC of hi - tech industries.
Knowledge search is an important way to improve the innovation capability of enterprises. Based on the panel data of 88 high-tech SMEs in the electronic equipment manufacturing industry, we constructs the empirical model to explores the effect mechanism of the breadth and depth of knowledge search on the innovation capability of high-tech SMEs and the moderating effect of knowledge element relations in different dimensions. The results show that both breadth and depth of knowledge search have an inverted U-shaped relationship with SMEs’ innovation capability. In the process of search breadth affecting the innovation capability, the knowledge complementarity plays negative moderating role, but the positive effect of knowledge substitutability are only partially supported by the data. The knowledge substitutability negatively moderate the impact of search depth on innovation capability, but the moderating effect of knowledge complementarity do not work. The result of research is of great significance to the innovation decision of high-tech SMEs.
Based on the typical facts of the lag of financial market reform in China, this paper utilizes the index of financial factor distortion and the inter-provincial panel data of China's high-tech industries during the period of 1999 to 2009, and constructed a GMM dynamic panel to make an empirical study of financial factors distortion influence on the enterprise innovation investment. The study shows that financial factors distortion significantly inhibits the growth of innovation investment of high-tech enterprises in China, and the effect of this innovation inhibition is more obvious in the areas where the degree of financial factors distortion is higher. Further study using panel threshold model found that the level of economic development, the structure of property rights, the level of fiscal revenue and the degree of openness of different threshold interval in different regions, the effects degree and direction of financial factors distortion on enterprise innovation investment are obviously different. The conclusion of this paper not only explains the financing difficulties of innovation activities generally faced by China's high-tech enterprises during the transitional period from the perspective of financial factors distortion, but also provides empirical evidence for understanding the micro transmission path of financial factors distortion influence on the enterprise innovation investment.
Abstract：With the advent of democratizing innovation era, various forms of innovation and entrepreneurial organizations appeared both in China and abroad. The crowd-innovating spaces or hackerspaces which caught the public’s eyes and spread to all over the world have attracted the attention of both theorists and the government. Based on innovation and entrepreneurial theories, the paper backs to the origin of crowd-innovating space research, interprets fundamental principles of generation and operation of crowd-innovating spaces systematically and tries to explore the study points or theoretical supports, in order to provide a reference for further in-depth study and a basic theoretical basis of crowd-innovating spaces for the organizers and government policy-making.
