Makerspace takes projects as the orientation, providing makers with real learning situations, which arouses makers’ interest in learning, promotes effective collaboration between makers, and enhance makers’ abilities of innovation and entrepreneurship. From the perspective of situated learning, this paper defines the connotation of makerspace; analyzes four elements of the makerspace, including domains, communities, practices and tools; studies the evolving process of those elements from birth stage, growth stage, maturation stage to decline stage of practice community ; explores how makerspace constructs an effective operation mechanism to improve makers’ learning efficiency in terms of four aspects which are as follows: motivation stimulation mechanism, activity engagement mechanism, support and guarantee mechanism, feedback and evaluation mechanism. The case analysis is carried on by taking Nanjing maker space as the example, so as to offer the guidance to the construction and optimization of environments for innovation and entrepreneurship in makerspace.
The platform organization is developing rapidly to meet the increasing demand of the market and attract the attention of the academia and industry under the background of Internet plus. Based on the theory of organizational ecology, this paper analyzes the functions and characteristics of the crowd innovation space（CIS） by using social network and grounded theory. It finds that the CIS has similar characteristics with platform and platform organization, which can provide interactive communication interface, realize the rapid accumulation and iteration of resources, promote the formation of ecological network, and facilitate innovation ability to drive innovative development. Secondly, this paper puts forward that the CIS platform organization , which is a kind of ecological network that is constructed based on Internet background and can rapidly aggregate and iterate the resources to bolster bilateral or multilateral interaction, reinforce the creativity of the participants and satisfy their heterogeneous demands. Finally, this paper proposes some research prospects from the generation and evolution of ecological network, the element structure of ecological network, the function mechanism between platform organization and actors and the platform evolution of tradition organization.
The performance evaluation of public research and development is a comprehensive quality control method to achieve the goals of scientific research quality, the quality of capital, social satisfaction and so on. In the horizon of STS try to put forward to the outward manifestation of the intrinsic quality of re of evaluation as the support, in an integrated quality control function the purport of the performance evaluation system of public R&D design ideas. By NSFC was founded the 25th anniversary of the international performance evaluation case which contains the logic for the assessment and analysis of the structure, supports the effectiveness of the effectiveness of the design of the performance evaluation system of public R&D.
Tax incentive policies are playing significant role in promoting Chinese university technology transfer. However, little research has made a systematic analysis on this topic. This research attempts to fill this gap. This paper briefly introduced the tax law system related to university technology transfer in US and UK. After then, this paper investigated Chinese tax incentive policies of university technology transfer. In terms of turnover tax and income tax, this paper demonstrated the existing problems and obstacle in the process of technology selling and technology appraised as capital stock. This paper found that China has a comprehensive tax incentive policies. The government should keep the tax system neutralization, in order to avoid the discriminatory effect in different routes of university technology transfer. In addition, the government should make some changes in tax-paying channel, and coordinate the oriented of tax incentive policies from the top-level at the beginning.
Science & technology entrepreneurship is an important approach to implement the innovation driven strategy and solve the problem of economy and science & technology “two skins”. The research institutes in our country have experienced system transformations and revolutions, science & technology entrepreneurship is in the ascendant, but how to effectively promote technology commercialization by collaborative science & technology entrepreneurship is still a new subject which is of great importance but lacks explorations. This paper selects Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics as the object of the case study, deeply explores the mechanism of promoting technology commercialization effectively in research institutes by collaborative science & technology entrepreneurship, reveals the process of transformations and upgrading of research institutes and puts forward theoretical propositions concerning science & technology entrepreneurship with research institutes as the mainstay. This paper expands theoretical and empirical research on technology commercialization of research institutes and initiates the research on collaborative science & technology entrepreneurship of research institutes, which has practical significances for research institutes’ practice in collaborative science & technology entrepreneurship and technology commercialization in our country.
Innovation is an important means to release the reform dividend .Only to break the bottleneck of factors and resources could stimulate the vitality of innovation. In this paper, by introducing the relative price to study the relationship of price distortion, mismatch of resources and innovation productivity. Firstly, this paper uses Global Cost Malmquist Luenberger model to decompose the innovation productivity and then uses the panel Tobit model to analyze the main influencing factors of innovation efficiency. The study found: the primary factors restricting innovation productivity progress is the efficiency of recourse allocation, price distortion directly affects the efficiency of recourse allocation; The efficiency of innovation can be improved by the improvement of market rate, opening degree and the level of human capital. The level of infrastructure construction and the degree of freedom of trade have led to the decline of innovation efficiency.
mproving the innovation efficiency of regional intellectual property intensive industries helps to promote industrial transformation and upgrading, to advance economic and employment contribution. The study takes 33 intellectual property intensive industries in Zhejiang Province as samples, based on innovation value chain, to evaluate the innovation efficiency and identificate its key factors. The research conclusion shows that the production scale and the amount of invention patent applications are the key factors affecting the efficiency of innovation, which plays a positive effect, the government funds plays a negative impact on the innovation efficiency. There are three non-significant factors, namely R&D expenditures, expenditure on digestion and absorption, number of enterprises with R&D activities. This shows that the development of regional intellectual property intensive industries has a short board，which does not match the R&D input and output, and provides some suggestions for improving the innovation efficiency of intellectual property intensive industries.
The policy document reflects policy target and logic. The central government documents which are focused on reform of scientific research institution from 1984 to 2015 are used as the sample data and the reform process is divided into four stages. By using the institution change theory of D.C.North, the reform logic and difference among several stages are analyzed on the base of policy subject, cooperation network and policy theme. The Study shows that the reform is dominated by economic rationality, coordinated by the state council, pushed by the administrative system which is fragmented and there exists obstacle in different public sectors' cooperation. During the period of 1984-2002, the policy documents were designed to achieve the organizational reconstruction of scientific research institutes. After that, the property right system which is much accounted of is intended to be improved. However, the reform gets into stagnant because of the backward administrative system. Moreover, it’s no doubt that the reform of scientific research institution should be consistent with the marketization of economic system and related policy suggestions are put forward.
This paper focuses on the impacts of strategic orientation on resources bricolage, based on organizational ambidexterity; five different strategic orientation are distinguished. On the basis of the related literature, we construct theoretical model based on theoretical analysis and propose hypotheses. We also empirically analyze the survey data of China, and do an empirical test with the help of SPSS22.0. The results show that: there is positive relationship between technological orientation and resources bricolage, and market orientation are beneficial to promote resources bricolage. In addition to the integrated orientation, both diverseness orientation and interactive orientation have significant positive relationships with resources bricolage.
With the ever-changing of science and technology, globalization continues to deepen development. More and more intense competition among enterprises. So many companies choose M & A or technical strategic alliance or other means to carry out cooperation in order to improve the efficiency of technological innovation and format competitive advantage. The focus of this paper is to study the driving force of technology strategic alliance, cooperation optimization and the factors that affect the stability of the alliance. Through empirical research, mainly from the following aspects to analyze the study to verify the hypothesis and draw conclusions: Firstly, the more intense market competition, the greater the government support and the more obvious demonstration effect of peers, the more dynamic the formation of technology strategic alliance, and thus the more stable strategic alliance; secondly, the Coordination of the leading unit and government norms as different cooperative optimization methods can improve the strategic alliance stability formed under the driving force, and thus promoting optimization. Finally, according to the research results and putting forwards policy recommendations for China’s technology strategic alliance so as to provide reference for the development.
HUAWEI Company is very active in patent activities and technological innovation and has carried out a large number of industry-university-research institutes patent collaborations as the leader of China's telecommunications industry. Through the data statistics of HUAWEI Company’s industry-university-research institute patent collaborative invention patents, this paper analyzes the basic characteristics of industry-university-research institute patent collaborations of HUAWEI Company and makes visual description by using the method of patent bibliometric, social network analysis and UCINET software. It reveals the phase evolution characteristics and network properties of industry-university-research institute patent collaborations and then some laws and enlightenment about the patent industry-university-research institute collaborations are concluded. This research may provide reference for Chinese enterprises to carry out patent industry-university-research institute collaborations as well as develop and manage patent cooperation network.
With the development of the incubation mechanism network, the network members in the incubation network are more abundant, and the trust itself is not enough to maintain the open network relationship. The effective operation of this traditional governance mechanism is regarded as an important supplement to the lack of trust in the construction of network relations. While, ignoring the construction basis of the network relationship heterogeneity - the overlap of technology, limited the explanatory power of existing hatching network governance related research conclusions on the incubation mechanism. This paper explores the conceptual model of contract and trust in the incubation network, and uses the questionnaire survey and the multivariate hierarchical regression model to verify the influence path of the different dimension contract on the trust of different dimensions, even the regulation of the technology overlap in the process. The research shows that contractual control has a positive effect on ability trust and behavior trust, with a positive moderating effect of technology overlap. Contractual coordination has a positive effect on behavior trust, but the moderating effect of technical overlap is not obvious.
the problem how to collaborate online/offline innovation is the enterprise to face when adapting to the development of the Internet. Collecting the data from small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in zhejiang province, we used the method of qualitative comparative analysis on the behavior of online/offline innovation integrated analysis, the study found that China's online/offline innovation synergy drive mechanism can be divided into four kind of configurations, PS * PO * HC, GD * PS* PO, GD * PO * R&D and PS * R&D, and the enterprise information acquisition ability is very important in all four configurations of driving factors, the enterprises need to make full use of network and coordinated the relevant factors, and the allocation of resources to achieve synergies of online/offline innovation.
Innovation-driven development has become a consensus among people. According to the theory of endogenous growth, endogenous technological innovation is fundamental to a country’s economic development and national competitiveness. However, people’s opinions vary greatly on how to drive innovation and there are even some misunderstandings. The debate between the circles of economics and management, in essence, is also a typical manifestation of the puzzle. Based on the available literature and open innovation theory, this paper constructs the "Seven Power Model", which aims at technological innovation power source. This Paper also proves that the internal force, the customer pull force, the supplier driving force, the collaborative force between universities and research institutes, government policy incentive force and the science and technology intermediary service force all have a positive effect on innovation performance. Besides, the government incentive force and the science and technology intermediary force have a positive regulating effect on the other driving forces.
This paper describes the dynamic evolution of China's manufacturing energy intensity and industry heterogeneity based on the Kernel density function model.In view of environmental regulation and constructs a nonlinear threshold model for green technology innovation to energy intensity.Moreover,it discusses the threshold effect and the change of time and employs multiple quantile to comprehensively analyze the effect on energy intensity.The results show that the overall development of China's manufacturing energy intensity is more convergent and the gap of the industry is expanding during the sample period.The relative price of energy, technological transformation and human capital are significantly negatively correlated with energy intensity.The increase of environmental regulation intensity promotes green technology innovation to reduce energy intensity in section ER≤0.101 and 0.101＜ER≤2.160.Industry heterogeneity exists in environmental regulation and there is a big difference in the same industry in different years.Quantile regression results show that threshold regression exaggerates the positive impact of firm size on energy intensity and only high human capital could significantly reduce energy intensity.
In recent years, complex products and systems (CoPS) in China is developing rapidly, risk accidents happened very often at the same time, the theoretical circle should attach great importance to this phenomenon. To open the black box of CoPS innovation risk, based on the stakeholder network evolution perspective, this paper builds risk analysis framework: the stakeholder network, opportunistic behavior and CoPS innovation risk, and analyzes 2002-2016 years of innovation process of the country’s self-reliance program in Gen III nuclear power technology AP1000 SM nuclear power plant unit 2 project. The results show: the innovation network structures are different in different stages of CoPS, the symmetry degree of the system integrator and stakeholders’ right is different; system integrator and stakeholders pursuing right symmetric state is the inner driving force of stakeholder networks evolution in different CoPS innovation phases; when the right of stakeholders is asymmetric, stakeholders are possible to do opportunism behaviors to achieve rights symmetry, the opportunism behaviors are possible to induce CoPS innovation risk.
