Tsien H.S.'s thought of engineering sciences is a profound national innovation theory, which focuses on national science and technology policy, engineering education and overall knowledge system of science and technology. However, due to the confusion on the understanding of relevant terms and concepts, the thought has not played its due role in guiding innovative policies. On the basis of trying to clarify the etymology of engineering sciences, this paper clarifies the connotation and its position in the modern science and technology system, explains the role of engineering sciences in building a powerful country. We appeal to all sectors of society to carry forward Qian Lao's thought of engineering sciences, build a modern science and technology system focusing on engineering sciences, strengthen the education of basic theory of natural science and start the strong potential of engineering sciences in building a powerful country.
The ontology technical view and constructivism technical view are both incomplete to describe the evolution path of technology evolution.And the theory of construction to each other of technology and society has opened up a new path to understand the complex process of co-evolution of technology and society.This paper analysizes the mechanism about how the new generation network replaces the traditional network from two aspects:internal logic of evolution of technology and interpretion of social context.Then it explores the specific path of how the new generation network shapes society from three levels: personal,society and country based on the perspective of construction to each other of technology and society.
Although literature have found many factors influence scientist’s science communication participation, the role of air pollution and scientist’s personality in science communication has not been investigated. Drawing on stress transfer theory, this paper first developed two hypotheses about how scientist reacts under different air pollution conditions, and then tested these hypotheses by matching scientist self-reported survey data and monitored air pollution data. The result showed that under air pollution condition, scientists with high proactive personality perceived the importance of science communication significantly higher than that of scientists with low proactive personality. The reason is that self efficacy meditated the effect of air pollution on the perceived importance of science communication. These results provided new perspective and empirical evidence for understanding how scientists react under negative environmental stress.
Based on the spatial panel data from 2008 to 2017 and the government work reports of 31 provinces (municipalities directly under the central government) from 2007 to 2016, this paper constructs the spatial durbin model and studies the spatial influence mechanism of the policy intensity of scientific and technological innovation on the innovation performance of provinces from the perspective of spatial measurement. It is found that the spatial agglomeration of innovation policy is more obvious than that of innovation performance. The intellectual property rights and foreign capital introduction targets in the policy have significant positive effects on innovation performance, while the scientific and technological achievements and technological innovation targets have insignificant positive effects on innovation performance. Personnel measures in innovation policies have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between policy objectives and innovation performance, while fiscal and taxation measures have a negative moderating effect on the relationship between policy objectives and innovation performance. Both the target of intellectual property and the target of foreign capital introduction have positive spillover effect. At the same time, the spillover effect of intellectual property right and foreign capital introduction can be promoted. Accordingly, the corresponding research enlightenment is obtained.
With the rise of China, its innovation policy has received more and more attention from international factors and is inevitably interfered and influenced by international factors. Therefore, examining the innovation policies and processes from an international perspective is of great significance for China to scientifically formulate innovative policies. The existing research mainly focuses on the changes of the goals, contents and tools of science and technology innovation policies under the influence of globalization, and regards the innovation policy as the internal political activity of a sovereign country. This paper introduces the international political economy theory, and constructs a “process-actors-influence” analysis framework for innovation policy process. Then, we make a comparative analysis of the policy process of “China's Indigenous Innovation Product Government Procurement” and “China Manufacturing 2025” Policy. Finally, we found that The blurring of China's innovation policy and trade and even external affairs makes the innovation policy process a complex process of the international-domestic dual game.
Based on the policy quantitative scoring method and social network analysis method, this paper quantitatively studies 219 environmental regulatory policies in the scientific and technological (S&T) fields formulated in China from 1978 to 2016 in the dimensions of policy attributes, policy objectives, policy instruments, and inter-department cooperation network, and then effectively combs the evolutionary logic of policy changes and inter-governmental cooperation. This paper shows that there are varying degrees of changes in the number of environmental regulation policies in S&T field, the coordination of policy departments, and the policy contents such as policy objectives and policy instruments. The evolution logic of the environmental regulation policies in S&T fields is mainly manifested in four aspects, which are the continuous improvement of the policy mechanism, the short-term emergency effects of the promulgation policy, the long-term superposition effect of the cumulative policy, and continuous strengthening of inter-department cooperation. Finally, this paper proposes related policy recommendations from the perspective of systematic top-level design, improvement of policy attributes, continuous optimization of policy objectives and policy instruments, and strengthening inter-governmental cooperation.
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, the industrial system and mode of production are transforming, which has an impact on the labor market and the distribution pattern of national income. Under the background, based on the panel data of micro enterprises, this paper studies the impact of AI on the labor share of income. The results with PSM-DID method show that AI can significantly increase the labor share of income by 1.4-1.7 percentage points on average, and the effects of AI on labor share of income show heterogeneity across ownerships, export status and between labor-intensive and capital-intensive industries. We also explore the mechanism behind the correlation between AI and labor share of income with causal mediation analysis (CMA) and find that the mechanism of AI to promote labor share of income is mainly labor promotion effect and TFP is a mediator which carries the influence of AI on the labor share of income for enterprises. The conclusion of this study has enlightenment significance for the reform of income distribution in the "artificial intelligence revolution" in China.
Based on the panel data of provincial manufacturing industries in China from 2003 to 2015, this paper makes an analysis of the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on innovation productivity and its regional comparison is also made by using the two-stage least square method. The theoretical analysis shows that manufacturing agglomeration promotes innovation productivity mainly through reducing innovation input and increasing innovation output, thus promoting technological progress or improving technical efficiency. Empirical results show that: (1) Manufacturing agglomeration can effectively promote the improvement of its innovation productivity, and the improvement of technical efficiency, rather than technological progress, is the main way for manufacturing agglomeration to promote innovation productivity; (2) From the perspective of sub-regional comparison, there are obvious regional differences in the impact of manufacturing agglomeration on the innovation productivity and its decomposition index among the eastern, central and western regions. Among them, manufacturing agglomeration in the eastern, central and western regions is conducive to promoting its innovation productivity and technical efficiency significantly, but there is certain difference in the degree of effect, and the impact coefficient on technological progress is positive, but it is not significant. (3) No matter regression estimation by replacing the core explanatory variables or time intervals, as well as examining the ways in which manufacturing agglomeration affects the innovation productivity, the above results are established. Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to promote the innovation productivity of Chinese manufacturing industry.
By employing survival analysis method on a large sample of invention patents from 211 project universities, this study constructs likelihood curve of patent assignment based on patent life cycle. The result shows that assignment likelihood of university patents first increases and reaches the peak five years after the patent application date, then decreasing over time. The study delves into the role of the university technology transfer office in university patent assignment process and the differential effects it might exert. Results of accelerated time models suggest that in general, the establishment of university technology transfer office does not have a significant effect on patent assignment speed. However, the existence of technology transfer office amplifies the negative relationship between the patent geographic protection scope, the number of inventors and the time needed for patent assignment, while it weakens the negative effect of inventors’ prior experience on assignment time. The study extends the understanding of university patent assignment process from a micro perspective and provides theoretical implications for improving the efficiency of university technology transfer offices.
International research collaboration is a product of scientific complexity and professionalization of researcher, and an important choice for improving scientific progress and development. Analysis of the funding characteristics of the international collaboration research projects supported by the Chinese government and the status of China's international research collaboration from project level is of great significance to the formulation and optimization of international research collaboration policies and management regulations by science and technology policy makers and scientific research managers. According to the 1053 “Projects Supported by Major International (Regional) Joint Research Program” funded by NSFC in 2001-2018, through the methods of mathematical statistics, geospatial analysis and social network analysis, this paper analyzed the funding time, regional, disciplinary distribution characteristics, the characteristics of national and institutional collaboration networks of “Project supported by Major International (Regional) Joint Research program” at two levels: the project funding and collaboration network. The analysis found that: the scale of funding for “Project supported by Major International (Regional) Joint Research program” was generally rising rapidly and then developing steadily in 2001-2018. From the perspective of the subsidized regions, 28 regions in China were funded in 2001-2018, and the eastern region was the focus of funding. Beijing, Shanghai and Jiangsu were the main areas for funding, and the trend of funding focus was from east to west and from north to south. But the overall transfer is not large, and the western and northeastern regions of China are still the weak areas. From the perspective of funding disciplines, there are differences in the initial years of funding for different subject areas. The distribution of subject areas funded after 2007 has gradually stabilized. Among them, medical science is a key disciplinary field funded, and the number of grants is on the rise and is higher than other fields obviously. In addition, the proportion of funding in various subject areas other than medical science has stabilized after 2011. From the perspective of collaboration countries, China has carried out project collaboration with 38 countries (regions) but concentrated in a few countries. The United States, Britain and Germany are key cooperative countries and the collaboration between United States and China is most prominent. In 2001-2018, the number of collaboration countries (regions) has been increasing. In particular, the intensity of collaboration between China and the United States is deepening, but the overall concentration is concentrated in the European region. From the perspective of collaboration agencies, the funding scope of institutions is becoming wider and wider and the collaboration with foreign countries is getting closer and closer. The connectivity of the collaboration network is continuously improved and the information exchange between organizations is becoming more and more smooth. Domestic Tsinghua University, Peking University, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Zhejiang University, Fudan University and foreign California University, University of Texas are the institutions that develop projects collaboration more frequently. It is recommended that China should further optimize the funding focus, adjust the proportion of funding for projects, and increase the breadth and depth at the level of international collaboration research projects.
This paper collected panel data of patents and standards from all 3800 enterprises that own co-patents between 1985 and 2010 in the automobile industry. It constructed a collaborative R&D network based on the data of co-patents and measured the degree of competitiveness or complementarity between companies by means of technological similarity, aiming at investigating how the competition and complementarity of collaborative R&D network influence the enterprise’s technical standardization capability. Empirical studies have found that enterprises have set most technology standards, when involved in a properly competitive cooperative network. While in a competition-oriented network, enterprises tend to improve their knowledge absorption capacity and knowledge integration capacity by carrying out technological diversification activities, Strengthen compatibility with supporting technologies, and thereby improve enterprise’s technology standardization capability. When the competition becomes very fierce with the reduction of the complementarity between enterprises, the willingness to share knowledge with each other will reduce. It will inhibit the improvement of enterprise’s technology standardization ability.
Based on the bricolage theory, this paper investigates the relationship between the absorptive capacity entrepreneurial bricolage using the survey data of Chinese private technological SMES. It explores the influence mechanism of absorptive capacity on innovation performance. We find that there is a significant positive correlation between absorptive capacity and entrepreneurial bricolage, and the relationship between absorptive capacity and innovation performance is positively significant. The employee dimension of CSR(be kind to employees) moderate the relationship between absorptive capacity and entrepreneurial bricolage positively. The positive relationship between absorptive capacity and entrepreneurial bricolage is stronger in the context of higher level of employee dimension of CSR. Entrepreneurial bricolage plays partial mediation role in the relationship between absorptive capacity and innovation performance. Finally, the results provide managerial implication for the entrepreneurial practice.
Didi entered into the shared bicycle industry, the Meituan Dianping threw into the car-hailing service field and including other seemingly "irrational" corporate entrepreneurial behavior of the Internet unicorn companies has aroused widespread concern of the whole society and scholars. The process of causation and effectuation are difficult to apply to the interpretation, evaluation and prediction of such companies' entrepreneurial behaviors. Through literature review and case study, this paper finds that the application scenarios of different entrepreneurial process are different. The digital entrepreneurial context breaks through the limited assumption of core resources, the entrepreneurial boundary tends to be blurred, the entrepreneurial environment is highly uncertain, and the entrepreneurial goal is difficult to pre-define. In this situation, the unicorn enterprises, whose core asset is data, through opportunity construction+recognization to realizes the relationship construction and the synergy among data thus to develop the soil for the opportunities, and builds the entrepreneurial opportunity through data value regeneration, identifies the subdivision needs through the data combination, and raises the data migration cost to nurture the opportunity developing soil and realize the spiraling corporate entrepreneurship path. Based on this perspective, this paper proposed a company entrepreneurship evaluation system around data.
The advantages of enterprises on sci-tech innovation board attracting investment are not the current profit status, but their profit prospects. This study provides suggestions for evaluation of Sci-Tech innovation board application and information disclosure content by studying the profitability of sci-tech innovation enterprises. In terms of methods, a total of 797 enterprises in a certain district of Shanghai in three years from 2015 to 2017 were taken as samples, and the growth of economic benefits was taken as the target. The influencing factors were studied from multiple aspects. The results show that the growth of economic benefits of enterprises is not directly related to the single variable of R&D investment, R&D output and economic benefits; On the other hand, a good circular mechanism between R&D investment, R&D output and economic benefit of an enterprise is an important feature that distinguishes the growth strength of an enterprise. Since the single indicator cannot provide a good assessment of long-term profitability, it is recommended to evaluate three aspects simultaneously: R&D investment, R&D output, and economic benefits. At the same time, it is suggested to cultivate the third-party markets for statistics and release other information, such as market share and exclusive technology etc. The information is very helpful for private investors to evaluate the enterprises on sci-tech innovation board but difficult to be achieved for them.
Innovation implementation is the intent and key component of innovation and Obedience plays an important role in innovation implementation. Focusing on the relationship of obedience to the innovation implementation, from the perspective of the organization's "endogenous view", according to the degree of obedience in the "cognitive initiative - behavioral flexibility", on the basis of one-handed data, through multiple cases, the study found: Organizational obedience plays an important role in the implementation of innovation through Inheritance mechanism, Replication mechanism and Dynamic mechanism, and has an important impact on ensuring the stability of innovation foundation, improving speed and efficiency, and cracking key obstacles. In theory, the research enriches the representation of obedience in organizational context in theory, refines the relationship mechanism between obedience and innovation implementation; constructs the impact model of “Step-up Rise”; explains the characteristics of engineering-realization technology innovation, and strengthens the theory of innovation implementation. In practice, the research provides enlightenment for the enterprise to cultivate and enhance the organization's compliance, enhance the ability of innovation implementation, and provide reference for the Chinese Innovation.
From the view of dynamic evolution, this paper does a longitudinal case study of Folangsi to explore specific mechanism and management connotation of enterprises to promote the upgrading of service innovation capability through dynamic service supply chain integration strategy. The results show that, driven by the dynamic environmental factors, that is, market pressure and internal power, the service supply chain integration strategy of the enterprise has gone through three stages, including the internal integration-oriented, resource acquisition-oriented and multi-network collaborative reconstruction-oriented, which leads to the transition and sequence effect of service innovation capability. The study reveals the basic logic of service innovation capability upgrading, and develops the enlightenment on the relationship between service supply integration strategy and service innovation capability, which has important reference value for the sustainable innovation development of Chinese enterprises.
As the main body of innovation, improving the innovation performance of enterprises can provide an internal driving force for building an upgraded version of China's economy. However, how to improve the innovation performance of enterprises is a major problem perplexing the theoretical and practical circles, as well as a hot spot of academic research. Based on the micro data of non-financial A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2007 to 2017, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of the financial-industrial integration on enterprise innovation performance, and brings the institutional environment and property right nature into the analysis framework. The research shows that the financial-industrial integration can improve the innovation performance of entity enterprises, that is, the financial-industrial integration significantly increases the number of patent applications, especially the number of invention patent applications, but the number of non-invention patent applications does not increase significantly, and this phenomenon is more obvious in private enterprises. Optimizing institutional environment is conducive to strengthening the role of the financial-industrial integration in promoting enterprise innovation performance, and this phenomenon is more obvious in private enterprises. The results of the extended analysis show that the improvement of innovation performance can significantly improve the future business performance of entity enterprises, especially the increase of invention patents. The financial-industrial integration is more conducive to improving the actual transformation efficiency of innovation achievements of private enterprises, and the optimization of institutional environment can strengthen the promotion effect.
By matching and integrating data from micro-databases, such as the industrial firms’ data, customs data, and patent data, this paper performs an empirical test, which shows that the technical standards of the importing countries in the current year inhibit the dual margins of the firms’ exports by increasing the cost of trade. Based on this, we further validate that the technical standards of the importing countries lead to the firms’ innovation, resulting in a promotion effect from these standards on the firms’ future export growth. Obviously, this type of induction effect on technological innovation varies by industry and mainly exists in the food production and processing industry. We note that the food safety standards of the importing countries are not simply non-tariff barriers for local protectionism but also have a positive effect of promoting innovation in exporting countries that have technological disadvantages.
