After the fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, the "Whole-Nation System for Science and Technology (WNSST) "has once again become the focus of the academic. However, due to the differences in the understanding of WNSST for a long time, it is necessary to research on the theory of it. Starting from the origin and connotation characteristics of the concept of WNSST, the paper illustrates its broad and narrow concepts, and points out that it has the characteristics of "Planning", "Whole-Nation" and "Government-led", as well as the connotation characteristics at national level and project level. Then, the different modes of the WNSST in the Soviet Union, the United States and Japan are discussed respectively. Finally, the paper reviews the historical choice of China and?points out that imitating the Japanese mode is a strategy for China to build a new type of WNSST in China.
Convergent science is the horizontal expansion and deepening of interdisciplinarity, committed to solving the major economic and social problems, which cannot be solved by traditional single discipline or interdisciplinary. On the premise of limited scientific and technological resources, the priority setting for science and technology identifies the fields and directions, major tasks or related actions that will be given priority support to in the strategic layout in the future. The priority setting of convergent science is helpful to optimize resource allocation and improve efficiency. On the basis of comprehensive comparison of methods of priority setting, we analyze the problems of priority setting of convergent science. In this paper, we analyze the limitations of the existing priority setting methods in the field of convergent science, and put forward the basic characteristics, main models and characteristics of the priority setting of convergent science. We clarify the problem definition, propose an objective function, and build a set of feature constraints, target constraints, resource constraints, and capability constraints under the boundary conditions of government funding, reciprocity boundaries, information intelligence, and convergence science, to form a method of priority setting in the convergence science. We hope that it will be helpful for science and technology decision-making departments to identify and select the fields in convergence science to give priority support.
S&T societies are important supporting force for the construction of national innovation system, and is of great significance for implementing the innovation-driven strategy and promoting innovation development. However，the existing evaluation activities lack specificity and global comparison. Reference to social organization performance-appraising researches, this paper used the cases of some world class scientific societies and the interview materials of leaders from 30 scientific societies to analyze the connotation of the comprehensive capability of world class scientific societies via the grounded theory approach. And then, based on the SPO model, We designed a three-level evaluation index system which deriving from the three elements of organization, cohesion and influence. By building a framework for the evaluation of the comprehensive capability of world class scientific societies, the governance capacity of Chinese scientific societies would be improved through benchmarking.
China's latecomer firms have accumulated a certain innovation foundation in the period of technological catch-up, and some of them have realized the leap from catch-up to beyond catch-up. Latecomers reach a relatively mature level of technology by catching up with technology, and the new value proposition can help latecomers continue to improve their market share. Servitization not only improves the added value of products, but also helps manufacturing enterprises better understand customer needs, providing new ideas for latecomers to leapfrog from the catch-up stage to the high added value link. Through the longitudinal case analysis of Hangyang's servitization process from 2007 to 2019, this paper finds that in the servitization process of latercomer firms, servitization capability has a dynamic evolution from discrete to interactive and to convergent, which is driven by user-firm interaction and technological capability. The research results strengthen the understanding of the servitization capability construction and dynamic evolution of latecomers and provide a new reference strategy for the servitization practice of manufacturing enterprises.
Along the analysis path of “phenomenon—mechanism—effect”, based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from2007 to 2016, testing the local effect and spatial spillover effect of spatial knowledge spillover caused by the synergetic agglomeration of industry on regional innovation performance, and measuring the spatial spillover effect of innovation performance with the change of geographical distance. The results show that the regional innovation efficiency and the synergetic agglomeration of manufacturing and productive services have presented a “central-periphery” spatial pattern, with the obvious spatial agglomeration characteristic; regional innovation efficiency has a positive spatial spillover effect, which can produce a “trickling down effect” on the improvement of innovation performance in surrounding areas. but the spatial spillover effect of regional innovation performance has the characteristic of attenuating with increasing geographical distance, the spillover effect is relatively strong within 1000 kilometers , diminishing after 1000 kilometers; the synergetic agglomeration of industry can not only promote the improvement of local innovation performance, but also generate positive spillover effects on innovation performance in surrounding areas through interacting with R&D personnel. On the one hand, it described the spatial characteristics of the synergetic agglomeration of industry and regional innovation performance; on the other hand, it provides a new policy direction for realizing the spatial structure adjustment of industrial synergy agglomeration to promote regional innovation efficiency.
Based on the PP-SFA model, the paper measures the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries in China, and analyzes the influencing factors affecting the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries. Also, the dynamic evolution trend of patent-intensive industries is analyzed by using the spatial-temporal evolution model with the characteristic of speed. The research results show that the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries in China is at a general level, and there is still space for improvement. The output efficiency of different patent-intensive industries is obviously different and the development is unbalanced. For the factors affecting the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries, government support, R&D investment intensity, competition level, and R&D external funds all have positive effects on output efficiency, but R&D investment intensity has the most significant effect of all. In terms of spatial-temporal evolution, the output efficiency of patent-intensive industries in China shows a fluctuating trend. The research results provide theoretical support for the efficiency improvement of patent-intensive industries, and provide suggestions for the development of patent-intensive industries.
The identification of core technologies is an important part of technological innovation. Identifying the core technologies of AAL monitoring for the elderly plays a significant role in predicting the development trend of technology and improving the ability to cope with the technological needs of the aging society. The existing research focuses on analyzing the cross-impact relationship of techniques, and the core technology identification based on the cross-impact of technology has not been fully recognized and applied. In view of this, this paper puts forward a core technology recognition research framework based on cross-impact of technology, which is based on core technologies characters and technical cross-impact theory. Firstly, this paper describes the concept of "core technology", and analyzes the characteristics of core technologies; Secondly, in order to overcome the shortcomings of traditional PCIA algorithm in identifying core technology, which is difficult to directly apply conditional probability estimating the technological impact, we propose NPCIA algorithm to measure the cross-impact of technologies, and verify the effectiveness of NPCIA algorithm by analyzing the mature technology that the core technology already knows, and then put forward a core technology identification model based on NPCIA algorithm; Finally, the proposed model is applied to the AAL monitoring technology for the elderly and the effectiveness of the proposed core technology identification model is verified.
Product variety decisions become an important topic in mass customization environment. The increasing R&D capability can support product innovations. With the increasing product variety, the investments on a single kind of products may be decreased, and the R&D capabilities may be also impacted. The relationships between product variety decisions and R&D capability improvement can be impacted by the kinds of R&D capabilities, the process of R&D improvement, etc. In order to analysis the relationships between them, a regression model was built with an aim at improving the economic performance of enterprises. A survey was conducted in Shanghai high-tech enterprises in 2017. The results show that the moderation roles of product variety level decisions on R&D capabilities may be different with the changes in R&D capabilities, industrial characteristics, and the goal of long-term or short term in economic performance. In the short term, the product variety has positive moderation effectiveness on the relationships between exploratory innovation output and economic performance in the industries with low product variety; product variety has negative moderation effectiveness on the relationships between exploitative innovation output and economic performance in the industries with high product variety. In the long term, the moderation effectiveness is opposite to the short term. The transformation mechanism of long-term and short-term different effects lies in the characteristics of the mechanism design of R&D investment based on economic performance. Based on the research results, different suggestions are given for the long-term and short-term economic objectives of different types of R&D capabilities. To ensure the positive effect of product variety on the R&D capability improvement mechanism, it is suggested that enterprises establish R&D investment in proportion to the product variety level.
Despite the widespread recognition of “boundary paradox” and the need to adopt knowledge sharing and knowledge protection simultaneously, yet there is a scarcity of empirical research included the two variables into the same dimension. Introducing the ambidexterity view, this paper describes the behavior of simultaneously considering knowledge sharing and protection during alliance as the ambidexterity of knowledge sharing and knowledge protection. Based on the data of 302 Chinese enterprises, the paper finds that the ambidexterity of knowledge sharing and knowledge protection can promote the new product performance. The findings also indicate that trust has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the ambidexterity dimension, contracts have a negative effect on the ambidexterity dimension, and the interaction of trust and contracts also has a negative effect on the ambidexterity dimension. The paper further finds that environmental uncertainty strengthens the positive relationship between trust and the ambidexterity dimension and also the negative relationship between the interaction of trust and contracts and ambidexterity dimension. The results provide a new perspective for the discussion of the “boundary paradox”. The results also provide some guidance and suggestions for enterprise practice.
Due to multiple factors, there are countless challenges for technology-based start-ups to confront during pursuing high quality development. It is significant for them to accumulate and utilize essential resources. Yet the inner mechanism of entrepreneurial network affecting new venture growth and the micro process of resource orchestration are not well documented. A multi-case study of four technology-based start-ups is conducted to analyze the antecedents and inner logic of resource orchestration, and the mechanism of resource orchestration influencing venture growth is investigated. Based on sophisticated work, a structure-action-performance theoretical model is proposed. The results show that: (1) entrepreneurial network is essential for technology-based start-ups’ growth; (2) resource orchestration can be implemented based on entrepreneurial network; (3) resource orchestration are iterative and impenetrate the whole process of technology-based start-ups development, for resource orchestration are resource-focused actions that can bundle resource to formulate resource portfolio and make essential resource balanced to promote venture growth.
The Internet-based start-up incubator platforms have received industry attention because of its effectiveness, yet the process of why they can enable has not been revealed. Conducting an exploratory case study approach of Handu Group, the study analyses the construction of digital dynamic capability of entrepreneurial incubation platform from the perspective of opportunity-resource-team fit. The research findings show that, entrepreneurial incubation platform has gone through three stages : the energy storage period stage, the nurturing ability period，the empowering period, separately encountering the imbalance of quantitative, qualitative and structural elements in these stages. Platform successively adopted a bricolage fit、connotative fit and collaborative fit strategy to develop digital organization ability, digital operation ability and digital co-creation ability. The research integrates and extracts the path model of digital dynamic capacity construction of entrepreneurship incubation platform. It reveals the "black box" process of enabling antecedents of business incubation platforms, enriches and develops the theory of digital dynamic capability, and provides important enlightenment on how to construct digital dynamic capability of business incubation platforms.
The transformation of social and economic development from "scale and efficiency" to "value and meaning" is an important indication of human society development in the new era. As an innovation paradigm that guides enterprises to focus on social demands and the future, Meaningful innovation (MI) shows the "return" of humanistic spirit and philosophical thinking in the economic field. In today's society where business civilization and science and technology are highly developed and interacted, the external environment faced by enterprises is a highly Complex Adaptive System (CAS). In this framework, the antecedents of meaningful innovation are explored. The discovery of innovation meaning is conceptualized as a process of exploratory learning while the transition of it is a process of exploitation. On this basis, in the face of resource constraints and environmental challenges, it is proposed that enterprises should develop "Ambidextrous Innovation Capability" to realize resource synergy, give consideration to short-term benefits and long-term development, coordinate efficiency logic and meaning-based logic, balance enterprise interests and social welfare, and promote the sustainable development of social economy and culture.
This study explores the relationship between national policy of and enterprise practice in digital innovation. This study analyses questionnaire of 172 Chinese enterprises by using structural equation model to verify how national policy affects enterprise performance through resource collection capability. The results prove that the attention to policy by influencing the resources collection ability, in turn, affects enterprise performance.
The reasonable sharing of innovation benefits for service inventors is an effective incentive to achieve innovation and implementation of service inventions. The Amendment of Patent Law (Draft) had clarified this incentive method. As the value manifestation of the intellectual achievements and the institutional incentive to promote the transformation of inventions, it is legitimate to share the innovation benefits with the service inventors reasonably. However, the limited "contractual priority", the vague standard of the "reasonable" principle, the restrictive provisions of regulations on state-owned assets, the miscellaneous treatment of the rights related to service inventions, and inadequacy intellectual property operation capabilities of the unit's hinder the realization of the innovation benefits for service inventors. To realize the reasonable sharing of innovation benefits by service inventors, the criterion of "rationality" should be clarified firstly, that is, the reasonable sharing should be confirmed according to the degree of creative contribution of service inventors and the economic benefits generated by service inventions on the basis of procedural justice. Secondly, as a "bundle of rights", the patent right of service invention should be divided into different parts so as to clarify the right relationship. Thirdly, it is necessary to optimize the management system of state-owned service invention, that is, to establish a management system which takes the technology legal system as the core and is compatible with regulations of other domains. Fourth, it is more sensible to encourage the sharing of profits between the unit and the service inventor by agreement. Finally, to realize the mutual benefit between the entity and the service inventor and the transformation and utilization of service invention, it is necessary for the entity to improve the operation capacity of intellectual property.
Key suppliers’ participation in complex product innovation is beneficial to the final success. However, it may also induce opportunistic behavior for rent appropriation, due to the existence of specific asset investment and intellectual properties. Based on transaction cost theory and relational governance literature, this paper examines the governance role of long-term orientation on key suppliers’ opportunistic behavior, from a bilateral perspective. The key findings based on 205 survey data from complex product integrator enterprises show that: 1) both the explicit and implicit opportunistic behavior will weaken the positive effect of integrator’s technological knowledge integration on its innovation performance; 2) long-term orientation from both the integrator and its key suppliers’ side can weaken the negative moderating role of explicit opportunistic behavior on the above main effect significantly; 3) the effect size of long-term orientation’s governance effect varies depending on who is the behavior and what kind of opportunistic behavior it is. This study emphasizes on the investigation of the multi agents’ interactive behavior in micro level during cooperative innovation. Besides, it contributes to the practice by indicating the integrator to governance in prevention, that is, to select key suppliers who have the willingness to cooperate in the long run, since the first beginning of the relationship.
