Since 1949, Chinese mainstream view of science and technology is with "science is the productive forces" as the core concept of science and technology.It is essentially belongs to the utilitarianism view of science.It has some obvious defects: substitute science with technology or emphasize technology and ignore science; the spiritual culture attribute of science and technology failed to attention; lacking awareness of scientific autonomy; scientism influence widely etc. The way of remodeling the mainstream view of science and technology of China is:Insist on rationality of the utilitarianism view of science, make efforts to correct and overcome their limitations,absorb advantages of idealism science and other all sorts of relevant thought resources appropriately, consequently, transcends the View of Science and Technology of Productivity and towards a new, more senior view of mainstream science and technology. At present, remodeling the mainstream view of science and technology of China should strengthen the following basic concepts:(1)science and technology is the engine of economic and social development;(2)technology comes from science and support it;(3)Science and technology is a kind of distinctive culture;(4)Scientific autonomy can't be ignored;(5)Science is not perfect.
Based on the classification of the execution subject in basic research，this paper expatiates the differences of the behavior characteristics in R&D institutions，higher education and enterprises from the aspects of value orientation，investment mechanism and evaluation mechanism. At last，some rules of basic research are summarized.
Technology evolution research can make the developing process, history and status of a specific field clear. It’s valuable for government and enterprises’ S&T strategy management. Patent citation analysis has some disadvantages such as it can’t judge the technology similarity of two patents accurately and the scope of analysis and richness of potential information is limit in technology evolution research. Text mining method can analyze text of patents deeply. It can make up the disadvantages of patent citation analysis to some degree. So we explore the combination of patent citation analysis and text mining method to research technology evolution. We construct C-T (Citation-Text) patent network based on patent citation matrix and patent text similarity matrix, then we do a cluster analysis and visualize the results. This paper aims to carry out the innovation of technology evolution research methods and enrich methodology of technology evolution research.
Abstract Based on policy evaluation theory and system theory, the Logic Model as a whole is constituted by certain policy evaluation belief, values, technology and other factors. As a policy evaluation model, it has experienced a progressive evolution of internal logic and gradually developed into an effective policy evaluation theory to guide policy optimization.
Robust and reliable National Space Capability (NSC) has become strategic foundation to the survival and development of a nation. Comprehensive measurement to NSC is the key to evaluate NSC, and to make space policy. This paper starts with theoretical analysis of space activities, abstracts the main players and their capability attributes, redefines NSC and then comes up with an indicator system to measure NSC. We solve the data availability problem of NSC measurement by studying space industry classification and space patent data extraction, analyzing and comparing major open source data, and hiring some investigation data. Measurement to 8 major space-faring nations (region) and transnational comparison are conducted at the end of this paper.
As a big developing country, the differences of progress level of agricultural science and technology and carbon emissions among different areas are very obvious in China. To comprehensively study the impact of progress of agricultural science and technology to agricultural carbon emissions, we need to select appropriate research perspective. Based on many reasons limited, research findings about the impact of progress of agricultural science and technology to agricultural carbon emissions from the perspective of provincial administrative are extremely rare. To this end, this paper analyzed theories about the impact of progress of agricultural science and technology to agricultural carbon emissions and constructed a dynamic panel data model. Based on these, the paper made an empirical study about the impact of progress of agricultural science and technology to agricultural carbon emissions using the data of the 30 provincial units from 2000 to 2010. The results show that under the premise of controlling for other variables, there was a negative correlation between progress of agricultural science and technology and agricultural carbon emission. The higher progress level of agricultural science and technology, the less agricultural emission, and the lower progress level of agricultural science and technology, the more agricultural emissions. Finally, the paper put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions aiming at reducing agricultural emissions.
This article is aimed to define the cross-regional technology transfer network based on the symbiosis theory. It explains the characteristics of three symbiosis factors in the cross-regional technology transfer network of China which contains the symbiosis unit, symbiosis environment and symbiosis mode from a static perspective to structure a symbiosis aggregation and compatible degree model. Then the author uses the relevant data to give the substantial evidence of symbiosis energy generating and digestion level in 30 provinces in China from a dynamic perspective, and then classifies, analyzes and evaluates the technology transfer development in different provinces according to the substantial evidence to give the corresponding governance suggestions eventually.
The creativity process for fuzzy front end stage in the complex software system development needs a large number of knowledge. The knowledge including what customers own, and the co-created knowledge in the interaction process with development team, is important part of creativity knowledge for complex software system. In order to get customer creativity knowledge, this paper analyzes the connotation and types of customer creativity knowledge, and then builds customer knowledge acquisition model based on context interaction, explores the steps, methods and technology platform. This paper draws the conclusions that there are some significant advantages for integrating different methodologies including information technology, intelligent computing and social network system with context interaction, comparing to the traditional knowledge acquisition. It is extremely important to support customer creativity knowledge acquisition for the fuzzy front end in complex software system development process.
Based on the review about consumer interaction and consumer group creativity, this study divides consumer interaction into two dimensions including consumer-consumer interaction and consumer-enterprise interaction and discusses the effect of the two dimensions on consumer group creativity and its mediation process. Empirical study result shows that the two dimensions are positively related to consumer group creativity, the relationship between consumer-enterprise interaction and consumer group creativity is partly mediated by knowledge sharing, and the relationship between consumer-consumer interaction and consumer group creativity is fully mediated by knowledge sharing. The result also shows that consumer-enterprise interaction is a better predictor of knowledge quality than is consumer-consumer interaction, and consumer-consumer interaction is a better predictor of knowledge quantity than is consumer-enterprise interaction. This study not only helps to push the consumer group behavior forward, but also helps to improve consumer group creativity in practice.
Recent studies have explored factors that may affect knowledge integration in information systems development (ISD) projects. Although diversity within an ISD team has been found to significantly reduce knowledge resource risks, it has also been found to lead to conflict which may harm team performance. This paper argue that similarity among team members—as opposed to diversity—affects member interaction which is the basis for effective knowledge integration. From the perspective of similarity-attraction theory, this study investigated the effects of similarity and attraction on knowledge integration. The research framework includes three similarity factors, interpersonal attraction, and social integration for knowledge integration in ISD teams. The results confirmed similarity will affect interpersonal attraction among members which inspires social integration, eventually facilitating knowledge integration.
With the rapid development of information system and Internet, more and more collaboration teams are armed with the latest technology. Individual trust is vital to IT mediated team which is based on the emerging IT technology. This paper undertakes case study methodology, and investigates the sample case over three stages. Trend trust balance model and trust spider diagram are used to analyze how trust factors develop in different stages and the general trend of individual trust. It turns out that the change of individual trust has many features. Interviews are made in the end of the experiment to find out the reason of the change. We also found out that some temporary and uncertain factors have influence on individual trust.The reasons for the trend of trust development has also been discussed.
The interaction of specific socialized scientific structure and creative thinking is creative source of interdisciplinary research. Based on social network and creative thinking theories, the knowledge innovation model of interdisciplinary team is constructed from the interaction of knowledge and cognitive of innovation unit and innovation individual view. It reveals heterogeneity integration and cognitive adjustment of the subject knowledge and creative thinking and explains the nature of interdisciplinary by make clear knowledge correlation and movement among innovation individuals to promote cognitive development. The interdisciplinary team knowledge innovation process features and its main influence factors are also investigated by using simulation method. The main findings are progressive type knowledge innovation and radical knowledge innovation change the knowledge distribution in network, common expansion knowledge stock of individual and group, promote overall knowledge level and volume of interdisciplinary research team.
University Spin-off Companies (USOs) have obtained external resources from entrepreneurial support network, which was constructed by several stakeholders, including Parent University, government, industrial partners and academic inventor. Based on research data of spin-off companies derived from "211 Project" university in China, the paper systematically investigated the elements of USOs’ entrepreneurial support network and their effectiveness (how such support elements on different network nodes affect the entrepreneurial orientation and performance of USOs). The results indicated that, entrepreneurial support network of USOs in China did not constitute an effective linked mechanism. The entrepreneurial orientation and performance of USOs mainly depended on the Parent University and government-led regional environment, while industry partners, academic inventors did not provide significant support effect. Governance structure of the USOs moderated the effectiveness of the above support elements.
This article uses the triangulation measurement of cross-validation, through the contents coding analysis of mass of interview and documentation materials, verifies the proposition that “portfolio dynamics drives family business takes the activities of portfolio entrepreneurship, portfolio entrepreneurship facilitates the family business growth”, extracted the PD –FBG model of growth mechanism of how portfolio dynamics influences the family business, as well as has found out three categories(10 kinds) of conduction mechanism of portfolio entrepreneurship which reflects the family business growth. The paper summarizes as follows: portfolio dynamics, portfolio entrepreneurship, family business growth, relationship of portfolio dynamics and portfolio entrepreneurship, relationship of portfolio entrepreneurship and family business growth of Zhen Stone Holding Group(Global biggest glass fiber manufacturing enterprise).The action of portfolio entrepreneurship of Zhen Stone Holding Group has been sequentially driven by enterprise dynamics, family dynamics, industry dynamics, government dynamics and non-predictable dynamics. The family business primarily takes the selective portfolio entrepreneurship, firm growth is the most important goal of family business. There are very close complicated relationship of between portfolio entrepreneurship drive and portfolio entrepreneurship, between portfolio entrepreneurship and family business growth. Portfolio dynamics conducts to the family business growth through the portfolio entrepreneurship.
On the basis of a large number of literature, this paper proposed the "S-A-C" theoretical perspective of distributed innovation, further analized the mechanism of distributed innovation and its sticky knowledge, built the viscouslevel factor model of sticky knowledge in distributed innovation networks, and thus proposed the weaken countermeasures.
How to distribute R&D activities for Chinese High-tech firms？Does foreign R&D centers work？On what condition？ In order to answer these questions, we integrate knowledge based view and oragniation economics theory, and propose that the quantity of the subsidiaries with R&D activities have significant improvement for firms’ innovation performance, while R&D concentration incurs significantly positive influence. Moreover, technological diversity negatively moderates these effects. Our data supports our hypothesis well.
Using the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis（ESDA）and spatial analysis software, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution of innovation outputs, measured by the number of patient applications, throughout 31 Chinese provinces from 1997 to 2009. The visual patent distribution plot has shown the distribution of innovation outputs at the provincial level and its spatial dynamic changes. A significant high level of spatial concentration of innovation outputs among Chinese provinces has been captured by the computed spatial Gini coefficient and Theil index, and the concentration level has increased steadily over the past years. The analysis using the Moran’s I statistic gives the strong evidence of spatial autocorrelation in innovation activities among provinces, while the concentration pattern of innovation activities among provinces and its changes over time have been revealed by using the local Moran’s I and the Moran scatter plot, which indicate the clustering nature of the spatial distribution of provincial innovation activities. This study can provide a scientific basis for the intuitive expression of the spatial correlation of innovation outputs among provinces, and puts forward that the spatial statistical analysis could present some references valuable for analyzing spatial structure and patterns and policy-making.
Based on Technology Achievement Index of China's 21 national innovative cities during 2001-2009, this article chooses Technology Achievement Index as target variables and six predictor variables reflecting the initial level of regional innovation capacity and regional economic structure characteristics to gain the optimal regional groupings, which match the definition of club convergence better. Combining the endogenous CART methods with Theil index test and random convergence unit root test, this article conducts club convergence test for the level of technical achievement of 21 national innovative cities. The results show that: (1) though the overall Technology Achievement Index of 21 national innovative cities is growing, the difference is becoming larger during the sample period; (2) government intervention and regional technological progress are the most important grouping variables, this also indicates that the development of innovative cities has a distinct characteristic of government-driving; (3) According to the similarity of government intervention and regional technical progress, 21 national innovative cities can be divided into three clubs endogenously. Shenzhen still leads the process of innovative city in China; then seven cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, represent a convergence club of relatively higher level of technical achievement; the rest other cities forms the last club.
