Abstract: Copernicus’s the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies has been published for 470 years. This arising master piece has definitely stimulated the scientific revolution, which has a profound influence on bringing forth and promoting development of the modern science. In consideration of the situation that the present deficiency of scientific spirit and the urgent development of scientific innovation in our country, it is important to reform the scientific spirit completely by reviewing the spirit of Copernicus’s Revolution.
In recent years, the rapid development of social media has made the spread of scientific ideas and scientific literature become more convenient, rapid and wide. In this research, firstly we introduce the present diffusing of scientific literature in social media and multiple kinds of medias, we discuss the diffusing mechanism from three perspectives of cost, broadcasting and contents. Further, we specifically study the diffusing mechanism of scientific literature in social media through case study. Our results show that, the content and celebrity effect are both two very important factors to accelerate the diffusing the scientific literature. In the circumstance of social media, new evaluating indicators and metrics methods are needed to measure scientific literatures, of which altmetrics is a good choice.
The present paper elaborate the national characteristics of the identifications of the collaborative nations, the reprint nations and the first nations from the view of disciplines employing the excellent academics belongs to international collaboration extracted from the Web of Science. The major findings of this study are presented as follows: (1) the highest isomorphism locates in the reprint nations, which implies the instructors of the difference disciplines with less differentiation; (2) the first nations and the reprint nations commit the rule of “80/20”, and mainly occupied by the group of G7 nations, especially USA; (3) comparing to collaborate with G7 nations, China tends to be an instructor and a major consummator with none-G7 nations. Finally, the study presents the shortcomings and corresponding possible improvements in the future.
The collaboration point is introduced based on the collaboration scope. Subsequently, an integration method is applied to define the strength of collaboration. To analyze the strength of leading collaboration, the strength of being collaborated and the collaboration network, “Project 985” universities are chosen as the samples. In addition, the university-industry-government relations of “Project 985” universities are studies.
This paper analyzed country technology cooperation from the perspective of country based on the patent cooperation analysis. According to the state of technological development, the countries are sorted into four types: SAC,SPC,SDC,SLC. Then detected technology flow situation in the interaction of national groups by using the Q value, to find country which is in a role as an intermediary. Through the research, we found that countries are increasingly dependent on international cooperation in the patent application, patent international cooperation mainly occurs in the SAC, SPC, SDC countries or these technologies developed countries, and in the interaction between the different types of countries, the countries whose technology is more developed in the group of countries play more important role as an intermediary in the interaction.
Based on a perspective of sector technology reclassification, the paper investigates the effects of public R&D investment in productivity of twenty two-digit China’s manufacturing sectors panel data during 1996-2009. Through calculating the productivity elasticity，the results suggest that there are significant productive effects during the sample period, a sector bias exists that public R&D has a greater effect on productivities of High-tech sectors than medium or low-tech sectors. Productivity increase in High-tech sectors mainly sources from R&D activities, while that of medium or low-tech sector mainly depends on material capital accumulation.
Implementing innovation-driven strategy needs to pay more attention on collaborative innovation. Based on a sample of 13 universities and 191 firms' collaboration, using negative binomial estimation, the paper investigates the impact of technological distance and geographical distance on the performance of U-I collaborative innovation which is represented by joint-patent data. The research reveals that technological distance is positive related to the innovation outcomes, while geographical distance has a negative effect. Finally, we proposed policy suggestions according to the conclusions.
The paper uses patent citation database (USPTO 1976-2006), studies cluster technology structure which in case of the Boston biotechnology industry cluster. Using social network analysis method, paper studies cluster structure based on indicators which are density, centrality, betweenness and n-clique. Study found that universities, hospitals and enterprises are clustered mainly technical sources; enterprise with strong technical plays an intermediary role; there are much frequent exchanges between the sub-clusters, formats some cliques. Medicine hospital has the most patents in cliques, medical equipment enterprises play a key role in the technical transformation.
The real situation of China's IPR protection level is important basis for us to formulate and evaluate relevant policy. This paper takes a quantitative measurement of the level of protection of intellectual property legislation of 122 countries, including China, and provide an index to evaluate the level of intellectual property enforcement, then obtain the actual level of intellectual property protection. The results show that the level of China's IPR protection legislation in the last three decades, especially after 2000 have significantly improved. However, enforcement of IPR in China in is not so effective, not only far lower than developed countries, and even failed to reach the world average, which resulting in China's IPR protection actual level is far below the level of developed countries, and slightly lower than the world average . However the regression analysis shows that the level of economy development obviously influences the IPR protection level. As a result,，China’s current actual IPR protection level is sufficient for its economy development.
Based on the case from the Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen(RITUS), our study describes the process of developing the technical capacity of RITUS during the activities of internal commercialization of technology, and discusses the RITUS successfully developing R & D services, technology incubators, venture capital, technology park operators and other business models, relying on its technical capabilities. This article summarizes the technical capacity model of universities and research institutions, and explain that the commercial exploitation of technical capacity by a right business model, effectively promote the technology commercialization, , which is an important direction of the combination of technology and economic.
This thesis describes the connotation and characteristics of inter-organizational scientific collaborations. From perspectives of the participants, "scientific collaboration effectiveness" is proposed to be the evaluation standard of this kind of collaborations, which include four dimensions: collaboration foundation, collaboration rules, collaboration contents, collaboration results. Because of participants’ different opinions, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and collaborative comprehensive evaluation are combined to do mathematics, so that in the process of empowerment, all parties’ opinions are taking into account.
Though network routines are considered to be the core elements to maintain and coordinate the technological innovation network, there are few studies on its formation. On the basis of the related literature, We construct the theoretical hypotheses between network routines, knowledge power, network position, and inter-organizational trust, and does an empirical test with the help of SPSS17.0 by surveying on technological innovation networks in Xi’an High-tech Park. The empirical test results show that the knowledge power, network location, as well as inter-organizational trust have significant positive relationships with network routines. Only the network centrality dimension of the network position act as a partial mediating effect on the relationship between the knowledge power and network routines. The influence of knowledge power and network centrality to network routines are moderated by Inter-organizational trust. These results are helpful to further explore the factors influencing the formation of network routines, and is very important to understand firms’ innovation cooperating behaviors more deeply.
Industry-university-research institute（IUR）collaborative innovation has become the leading-edge innovation mode to promote significant knowledge and technological innovation in China. IUR collaborative innovation process can be regarded as the flow of knowledge between enterprises and universities（or research institutions）two types of heterogeneous knowledge organization.Therefore， this paper divided IUR collaborative innovation process into three progressive evolution stages from the perspective of knowledge-flow， including knowledge sharing， knowledge creation and formation of knowledge advantage， analyzed internal operation mechanism and synergistic characteristics of the whole process， initially established a theoretical framework of industry-university-research institute collaborative innovation process based on knowledge flow
Abstract: With the market-oriented reforms and the innovative transformation of China's economy，a province is likely to get access to development due to meet external demand for innovative services when the demand for innovative services is constantly increasing. Based on the ESDA method，this paper not only explores the feature of regional linkage and the spatial correlation among China's regional innovation output of patent from 1999 to 2010，but also try to explores the effect of the potential market on the regional innovation development or regional spillover in china with the help of the new-economy-geographical model. We find that there exists global spatial autocorrelation all over the country, and this kind of autocorrelation has been increasing since 1999. Meanwhile, the empirical analysis shows the potential market is important to the regional innovation growth and innovation spillover among regions. However the spatial spillover effect caused by the potential market will gradually vanish as the distance between regions increase.
City has become the center of innovation because of its many advantages relative to village. City network is helpful to arouse city’s ability in technological innovation according to the formation of innovation networks, knowledge flow among innovators, innovation diffusion mode and efficiency. This paper measures the global features and individual characters of city network by using methods of complex social network based on airline flow data between Chinese cities. Then effects of city network on technological innovation are analyzed. Results show that expansion of city network’s absolute density and enhancement of cities’ connection can promote the level of technological innovation. Strong links between cities affect knowledge flow and facilitate technological innovation. The centricity of city network determines the distribution of connection and affects innovation diffusion and knowledge flow within network. Higher degree centrality city has higher potential for innovation. Higher betweenness centrality city has strong control force in knowledge and innovation diffusion. In the end, some conclusions and suggestions are put forward.
Through theoretical choice and empirical selection of the related elements on hi-tech zone demonstrating capacity, this paper designs the “Four Capacities” selection index system of national demonstration zone from four dimensions of bearing capacity, independent innovational capacity, international competitive capacity, assemble radiate capacity, then establishes the comprehensive selection model by equilibrium discrimination model and Weaver-Thomas index. Based on the study of the average in 2007-2011, this paper takes 56 national hi-tech zones as example to empirically select, indicating 7 is the optimal created number of national demonstration zone, and selects Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Tianjin, Xi’an as key constructive objects, at last gives some advices to strengthen the demonstration effect combining with the strength of “Four Capacities”. The “Four Capacities” selection system is constructed in hoping to provide a reasonable and effective evaluation tool for the demonstration capacity diagnosis of hi-tech zone and the construction of national demonstration zone.
China has been undergoing an increasing prevalence in firm’s breakthrough innovation and disruptive innovation. What are the underlying explanations? Are environmental characteristics part of the direct driving forces? The questions are not well worth to be explored. Standing on both institutional environment and industrial environment, this paper focuses on the direct effect of two independent dimentions, environmental dynamic and environmental hostile, then explores their effects on firm’s breakthrough innovation and disruptive innovation. With a sample of 204 manufacturing enterprises, the results show that: (1) technology dynamic positively affects both breakthrough innovation and disruptive innovation; (2) market dynamic positively affects disruptive innovation but has no significant effect on breakthrough innovation; (3) competition hostile positively affects both breakthrough innovation and disruptive innovation; (4) policy hostile positively affects disruptive innovation but has no significant effect on breakthrough innovation. The findings provide instructive meanings for resources allocation and innovation strategy-making of Chinese firms under turbulence environment.
Innovation voucher scheme， which is an important part of the European Commission's Framework Programme 7 (FP7)， aims to stimulate the interaction between small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and public research institutes. Government provides small sums of funding for the purchase of short-term services of knowledge support coming from universities and research institutions with the aim of accelerating knowledge transfer and cooperation between universities and research institutions on the one hand and enterprises on the other，with the intention of promoting a sustained increase in the level of innovative activity. Based on levels of demand and on feedback from participants，the implementation of the policy has generally been successful.The article analyzes the characteristics of innovation voucher scheme，from the international comparison of policy rationale， implementation modes， procedures and coverage， implementing emphasis and implementing measures，providing experiences in promote industry-university cooperation.To understand this policy tool better,we explore the application of the logic chart to make an overall evaluation of the scheme, and the advantages and problems on the scheme are discussed in the part of conclusion.
