As is a pattern of scientific conversation, the citation is an important method to avoid academic plagiarism and guarantee the reliability of research, which is a must be existing premise for academy. The research based on rationalism, empiricism and utilitarianism manifests that using citation analysis to evaluate academy is rational and reasonable, but to its specific evaluation function, there is no direct connection between the rationality and reliability. Using it as a tool to evaluate academy, the premise is to differentiate the substantial citation, procedural citation and formalistic citation, meanwhile, two kinds of behavioral mistakes, abandoned true errors and take pseudo errors, are often happened during the process of citation, the statistics and analysis on their probability is needed.
Identification of the local structure of scientists’ collaboration network can help understand the cooperative behavior of scientists. Based on complex network subgraph and social network structural equivalence, the subgraph structural equivalence based role identification method was proposed, and applied to the role analysis of the collaboration network involving scientists from complex network research. Using 11 kinds of node-positions in the six 4-node subgraphs, the node-position properties of the scientists’ collaboration network were investigated. It was found that the 11 kinds of node-positions can be divided into three categories of roles, i.e., core, intermediary, and edge. The diversity of the roles of scientists was also found, and the number of role types was positively correlated with degree, betweenness and closeness centrality measures. The top 20 scientists (degree ranked) were divided into two subgroups, based on the distributions of the relative number of roles. The study provides a quantitative method for role analysis of individual actors in social cooperation networks.
In the background of the growing tendency that S&T resources flow and configure globally, the international collaboration helps improve the national ability to control and deploy the resources on a global scale. Based on the international co-author papers from SCI 2000-2010 and bibliometrics and social network analysis, the overall development trend, the preference in the subject areas, the position variance between the strong and weak subject areas, the international dependency of high-quality research are analyzed from the view of Chinese international collaboration. The results show that China actively and widely carries out international research collaboration and increasingly improve its dominant position. However, the singularity of the international collaboration rate and position exists, and a high international dependency of high-quality research appears.
This paper analyzes the collaborative characteristics and trends of excellent academics taking the view of age and space on national level. Based on H-index papers of C9 league from Web of Science, the major findings of this study are presented as follows: (1) Project 211 and Project 985 not only greatly promote international collaboration but also improve the structure of collaborative nations;(2) Both the ratio related collaborated outputs to all outputs of C9 league and collaborated outputs go through 3 stages, while the different performance between the two reveals the way laying the excellent academics on the international collaboration goes into the bottleneck;(3) All the collaborative nations commit the “80/20” law, and its major is emerged as three groups of the G7, BRICs and Asian newly industrialized countries; (4) The capacity to control and lead the outputs of collaborated excellent academics should be strengthened for China; (5) America is the only nation which can act as a broker, possessing the ability and possibility to control other collaborative nations as China in each Chinese collaborative network. Finally, the paper discusses the deficiencies and possible improvements in the future.
Judicial efficiency is an important index of measuring environment of technology, and judicature plays a supporting role of environment of technology at multiple levels. Although there are some achievements of judicial reformation about intellectual property in China, there still have some problems. Such as, position of value of efficiency is not clear; perfection of the judicial process isn’t aimed at the difference between technology and non-technology; dispute resolution only depends on the way of judicature. By analyzing reality problems and comparing judicial reformation at home and abroad, suggest countermeasures about deepening judicial reformation and promoting optimization of environment of technology innovation.
Various R&D failed projects in bio-pharmaceutical industry can provide substantial values to improve R&D flexibility for the company. From analysis of typical R&D failures in bio-pharmaceutical industry, some practical thinking about increasing company R&D flexibility are brought forward, including shifting to new indication, applying in individualized treatment, transforming toxicity, improving the ease of use, configuring complementary compounds, correcting low-level errors and so on. Managerial revelation to China situation comprise of shaping right attitude to R&D failure, building saving procedures to failed projects, developing proprietary technology, promoting translational medicine and participating in information networks.
The China Postdoctoral Science Fund (CPSF) has funding 27412 postdoctoral till 2011 since it was established in 1985, and the total funding reached 690 million yuan. In the past 25 years, the CPSF has trained a large number of talents for our country’s S&T intelligent team. This paper focus on the performance of CPSF on promoting the growth of talented youth and carry out evaluation from the following aspects: 1. Verify the function of CPSF on stabilize the postdoctoral team, provide "first bucket of gold" and promote talents growth via funding statistical analysis and the subsequent growth condition of grantees; 2. Demonstrate the CPSF facilitate the grantees with extracting the research direction of scientist and lay the foundation for subsequent research results via the tracking of current situation and bibliometric analysis of first batch grantees.
Abstract: On the basis of revising the model of Schott(2006), this paper put forward a new method to estimate the technology structure of export industry, then with 31 provinces’ export data in HS code, we estimate the technology structure of export industries from 2002 to 2008. Then we take advantage of System GMM Estimation to analysis the influence of international fragmented production to the technology structure of Chinese export Industries from regional level. The main results show that: First technology structure of Chinese export industries increase quickly, but not as high as Rodrik(2006) estimated, and each region’s technology structure of export industries converge to the different equilibrium point. Second the dynamic influence of International fragmented production to the technology structure of Chinese export industries like the word V. Third the enhance pattern of the technology structure of Chinese export industries is different from ordinary developing countries.
Key word: International Fragmented Production, technology structure of export; System GMM Estimation
The patent litigation risk is heavily against the effectiveness of Chinese companies in international operation. This study provides the first look at patent risk factors from the company behavior perspective. Divided the patent disputes into four stages: acquiesce, settlement, filing and deter, a patent dispute dynamic model established. Then, the empirical analyze reveals that Chinese-invest companies face dramatically increase hazards of litigation in U.S market when firms are larger and technological close. The patent litigation is more likely when prospective defendants (Chinese – invest companies) invest more in R&D. The research has implications for patent clearance and risk management of the Chinese companies who want to extend the international market.
Using the Data of regional research institutions in China, we analyze the knowledge production efficiency of scientific research institutions by three-stage DEA method. The main conclusions include that the knowledge production efficiency of regional research institutions is lower, and the lower scale efficiency is the main constraining factor that affect knowledge production efficiency; the regional economic development level and the cooperation between enterprise and scientific research institution have a significantly positive influence on knowledge production efficiency, while the human capital, the government and foreign subsidize have a significant negative impact on the knowledge production efficiency of research institutions. The conclusions of this paper provide revelations to the improvement of knowledge production efficiency of regional research institutions.
Abstract: Professor Jeffry A. Timmons is one of authoritative leaders of entrepreneurship education of American and entrepreneurial studies.His passing away is a great loss in the field of Entrepreneurship. Professor Timmons’ academic heritage contains a wealth of ideological inspiration and practical guidance value.This article will do a general retrospective of Jeffry A. Timmons’ thought , rediscovering his academic achievements in the current context, and on this basis put forward the three elements model of entrepreneurship based on "entrepreneurial learning, entrepreneurial capacity and the development behavior of entrepreneurial opportunities - resources”. Considering above,we will make our future research tasks systematically presented, and also provide a reference for other researchers in the field of Entrepreneurship.
Based on the literature review, this study discussed the relationship of social network, market information processing and new venture performance. Based on the data of 154 samples in Xi’an High Technology Zone, tested the roles of personal network and business network. The study concluded that: Personal networks and business network have different roles on the process to market information acquisition and utilization. For the market information acquisition, Business networks have a more active role; for the market information utilization, personal networks have a more active role. While, market information processes have a positive impact on new venture performance.
In the FDI--embedded clusters, domestic enterprises can get advanced foreign technical knowledge and management experiences to upgrade innovation performance by means of staff turnover between FDI and domestic enterprises. Through Sanweisi, Joystar, Yuanyi and Xiruide cases, this paper summed up the the influencing factors of FDI knowledge transfer: FDI-embedded cluster situation, the pattern of staff turnover, integrating mechanism of domestic-funded enterprises, and characters of knowledge and staff, further analyzed their influence mechanism. Finally, we used qualitative data analysis software to analyze collected qualitative data of 14 case enterprises to test the conclusions.
After more than a decade call centers have been well developed in China. However, there are still some problems in its operation. In this paper, we aim to understand the cooperation and knowledge transfer between call centers and back-office departments. In the social capital theory view, we employed multiple-case study method, which involved four enterprises in express, telecommunication, banking, and security sectors, to establish the goal model. The conclusions include: First, the higher structural degree of call center, the higher knowledge transfer opportunity, power and ability of call center employee. Second, the higher relational degree of call center, the higher knowledge transfer opportunity, power and ability of call center employee. Third, the higher cognitive degree of call center, the higher knowledge transfer opportunity, power and ability of call center employee. Furthermore, call center has their priority to different categories of the knowledge to be transferred. And financial enterprises and non-financial enterprises have different ways and frequency of transferring knowledge.
Base on knowledge management theory and the sample of MNCs of China, this paper studies the effect of organization mechanism on reverse knowledge transfers from subsidiaries to MNC parents in China by survey and interviews. It is found that cooperation mechanism, communication mechanism and control mechanism affect positively reverse knowledge transfer.But the effect of knowledge management mechanism on reverse knowledge transfer is not significant. This study goes beyond the traditional focus on knowledge characteristics in the past research of knowledge transfer about MNCs, and pay more attention to organization design and mechanism in MNCs’ knowledge transfer. This paper enriches the perspectives for research on knowledge transfer in MNCs.
Innovation is considered to be the key driving force of industry dynamics and evolution. However, there are few quantity studies in this field. The paper studies the driving force and process of Chinese industry evolution from the perspective of innovation. Based on Lorentz and Savona(2008)and Lorentz and Savona(2010) we establish a micro-founded industry dynamics and evolution model with endogenous innovation mechanism and carry out scenario analysis based on Chinese data. We find that the evolution of industry stucture and macro-economic growth in China can be mainly attributed to the improvement of labor productivity and the saving of capital material induced by innovation, and the latter appears to be the key driving force supporting overall industry structure change and economic growth.
As any product has its function meaning and social meaning, innovation process has to combine both meaning effectively in order to match technology, social-culture and market needs. Design droven innovations emphasize the digging of deeper psychological needs in social culture and of new product taking effect in radical innovation. From the angle of design innovation, this paper tries to find the act elements of design capability. After constructing the framework of“Act—cability---Performance”,this paper also analyzes internal mechanism and conduct routine of design droven innovation. At the end, the conclusion of this research could provide theoretical reference for practice of innovation based on design and contribute enriching the innovation theory.
In the implementation process of Inbound Open Innovation (IOI) and Outbound Open Innovation (OOI), the key of successful implementation is which organizational modes can effective use internal and external knowledge or technologies for enterprises. Based on the coupling relationship between inbound open innovation and outbound open innovation, tThe methods of “Market Pull Roadmapping for Inbound Open Innovation (MPRIOI)” and “Technology Push Roadmapping for Outbound Open Innovation (TPROOI)” are integrated on the basis of the coupling relationship between inbound open innovation and outbound open innovation in the paper. The enterprises of inbound open innovation can adopt use the organizational modes of non-equity alliance, purchase of technical services and in-licensing in the stages of market analysis, product analysis and technical analysis respectively. Otherwise, The the enterprises of outbound open innovation can adopt use the organizational modes of non-equity alliance, supply of technical services and out-licensing in the stages of technical analysis, product analysis and market analysis respectively. The technology roadmap may can help enterprises to make decisions between internal technology development exploration and external technology developmentexploitation, and find the best balance equilibrium point of the innovation strategy within inbound open innovation, outbound open innovation and closed innovation.
The traditional economic assumption describes a kind of abstract ideal state, and can reasonably not explain the real economic phenomenon. The reciprocal preference gradually would be shown as a kind of normal psychological with the economic development and social progress and social progress. The reciprocal preferences show obvious economic effect in knowledge-based team. The reciprocal preference may finally promote the technological innovation capability by the improvement of knowledge transfer and organizational learning. The empirical certification may disclose the path conduction mechanism of reciprocal preference in the course of technique innovation so as to provide reliable theory support for our enterprise to extend the economic effects of reciprocal preference.
