This paper mainly discusses the problem of information ethics and governance in the R & D and innovation of large data technology.Big data technology has brought positive change to the human society. At the same time, also caused the information alienation, data rights, personal privacy, digital gap and other network information ethics problems. This paper presents a set of large data information ethical governance principles, to promote the orderly operation of the harmonious information society.
The knowledge mapping has became one of the most important methods, the reliability testing of this method were still remaining the comparison between results and classical cases. The study gave a comparison between highly cited paper and uncited papers on three network indicators for the aim to test the reliability of co-word analysis. Three indicators were nodes degree, nodes betweenness centrality and isolated nodes base on bibliographic coupling network according to high frequency keywords，which were the citing paper regression of co-word network. The results showed that though the high frequency keywords involved more highly cited papers, there is a little uncertainty in the nodes evaluation according three network indicators. This paper also gave a discussion on the application of thesaurus and data collection of knowledge mapping.
Disruptive technology follows a bottom-up performance development trajectory. Based on creation of new technical attribute set, disruptive technology introduces a new competitive platform, substitutes prior arts, and changes enterprises’ technical competition situation. Early identification and detection towards disruptive technology will provide timely adjustment of technology innovation strategy and avoid risks at company level. Existing identification research mostly adopted subjective methods, while objective methods based on patent analysis have not been applied. In order to solve the above problem, this article proposes a identification framework towards disruptive technology. Based on patent data, this framework introduces ideas of attributes innovation and modified promotion mechanism of technological development. Then species invasion model and set pair analysis are used to figure out the similarity of attribute sets before/after the emergence of new technologies in order to measure the disruptive intensity of certain technology. Finally, validity testament is organized using Derwent patent data in field of vehicle’s lithium-ion-cell.
The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of R&D tax incentives on firm R&D investment. The regression model uses the panel data of large and medium enterprises during 2000-2012 in 28 manufacturing industries. The results show that within a certain threshold, R&D tax incentives play a significant role on the enhancement of firm’s R&D investment. However, when the intensity of tax incentives is below the first threshold value, the effect on firm’s R&D is rather low; when the intensity is above the second threshold value, there appears a negative effect. Besides, firms with larger size, lower state-own proportion, and more intensive knowledge and technology are helpful to produce the effect of tax incentives on R&D investment.
This paper examines the impact of venture capital on the relationship between R&D investment and government R&D subsidies using the sample of listed firms in growth enterprise market (GEM) from 2009 to 2012. It shows that as the government R&D subsidies increase, the listed firms with venture capital institute (VC) as the shareholder have a higher level of R&D investment comparing the firms without VC shareholders. I also find that different characteristics the VC shareholders owned have a positive effect on the relationship between R&D investment and government R&D subsidies. With the increasing of government R&D subsidies, the firms with stated-owned VC institute or a high shareholding of VC have a higher level of R&D investment comparing with those with a low shareholding ratio of VC or without the state-owned VC institute.
Since the 1990s, high-tech products trade has developed rapidly between China and the United States, and the status of trade gradually improved. Based on 1992-2012 trade data, emphatically decomposed the growth factors, by using the revised CMS model（Constant Market Share）, the conclusions showed that the price competitiveness effect is the primary factor of China's export to America about high-tech products , followed by the effects of market demand, but the price competitiveness effect gradually decreased. The growing factors China's exports to America are different form U.S. exports to China. U.S. exports of high-tech products to China mainly driven by market demand effect, followed by the effect of the export structure; the price competitiveness effect has seriously hampered the expansion of U.S. exports to China. In order to improve the quality and level of development of high-tech products trade, the paper proposes that the two countries should be based on changes in the market and consumer demand to adjust the export structure; increase R&D investment, focus on the development of high value-added products; promote bilateral cooperation in the field of emerging high-tech industries, cultivate new growth points for export; establish more channels of high-tech products trade coordination mechanism.
In this paper, by using the quantitative analysis and visualization methods of Social Network Analysis, the characters of International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Networks based on Short-term Human Resources Cooperation Development Projects have been explored in detail. Depending on the view of network-generation, international cooperation networks can be divided into three types: national networks, institutional networks and field networks. By introducing the startup process of each network, the size and density, centrality, structural holes and core-edge features are calculated via numerical analysis. It is indicated that short-term scientific and technological cooperation in human resources development can expand the scale of international cooperation network without increasing the network density significantly; institutional networks and field networks always show good stability and fairness during the information-exchange-process; there are a lot of network structural holes in the national networks without obvious core-periphery relations.
Research on objective judgment of patent inventive step aims at introducing objective factors and provides more stable support and reference to subjective judgment, and enables the judgment results inclining to reflecting the real progress of the technology and be repeatable and stable comparatively. Judicial judgments were analyzed and research model was built and verified with the study of objective factors and experimental analysis, which could be used as reference to the improvement and development of judgment of patent inventive step and patent system, as well as to intellectual property related policy and strategies setting of the state and enterprises.
Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance(ITISA) springs up and becomes the main force of innovation in China. This paper examines the impact of organizational complexity and type of lead institutions on the cooperative innovation frequency of ITISA employing the event history analysis method. Using a sample of 205 cooperative events in 37 ITISAs, we find that: 1) there is inverse “U” relationship between organizational complexity and cooperative innovation frequency; 2) industry association taking the lead institution can promote frequency of knowledge sharing, and university or research institute taking the lead institution can promote frequency of technological cooperation; 3) the policies about ITISA reduce the cooperative innovation frequency. Thus, ITISA should optimize organizational size and structure, and elect lead institution according function. Government should make strategic planning about development of ITISA, and related polices.
In order to accelerate the successful knowledge transfer between universities and firms and strengthen the independent innovative capability of firms in China, it is important to study the impact of formal contract and trust on knowledge transfer in university-industry(UI) alliances from the perspective of alliance governance mechanisms. Based on the previous case study, this article analyzes in depth both the direct effect and the interaction effect of different contractual dimensions and trust on different types of knowledge transfer. The empirical result shows that contractual coordination governance promotes explicit knowledge transfer in UI cooperation, but has no significant effect on tacit knowledge transfer. Contractual control governance can improve the performance of explicit knowledge transfer , but will hinder tacit knowledge transfer. Trust exerts a significant positive impact on both explicit knowledge transfer and tacit knowledge transfer , but its impact on tacit knowledge transfer is larger than on explicit knowledge transfer. In addition, contractual coordination and trust have positive interactions on explicit and tacit knowledge transfer, while contractual control and trust have negative interactions on them. Based on the above findings, some management implications are proposed.
Leveraging external sources of innovation by alliance is an important way to upgrade for Chinese enterprises; however the risks attending the cooperation among partners prevent the formation of the alliance. On the basis of an in-depth study of two alliance cases, this paper develops a theory of alliance formation. This theory can provide insights into how both sides of the alliance achieve agreement for the first-time cooperation under the environment characterized by high uncertainty and transaction-specific investment. In particular, this paper shows that when the contract is not enough to control the opportunism risk, both sides of the alliance turn to the trust to reduce uncertainty. The complementary relation between contract and competence trust can enhance the cooperation confidence, but the strong outcome control of the contract will squeeze out the necessity of the behavior trust.
It is an effective way for industry-university-research collaborative innovation to improve the outputs and transformation of scientific achievements, and it has an important role on the development of technological innovation and economy. The study explores the factors affecting the stability of industry-university-research collaborative innovation, and the overall process of industry-university-research collaborative innovation includes the four stages of project matching, cooperative research, experiments and trial production, and industrialization. On this basis, the study analyses the stability and affecting factors of industry-university-research collaborative innovation during the period 2004–2013 through the grounded theory, and the empirical results show that the duration of industry-university-research collaborative innovation of about 50 percent of enterprises is around three years; Under these conditions of the different natures of the enterprises, the different cooperation methods and the different profit distributions ways, it is significant difference for the duration of industry-university-research collaborative innovation. The knowledge resources complementation, reputation, communication and the attitude of cooperation have positive roles on the stability of industry-university-research collaborative innovation, and then research capabilities and geographical distances show less significant effect on the stability of industry-university-research collaborative innovation.
In the context of "open innovation", it is widely recognized the importance of collaboration with institutes and universities. Based on the framework of open innovation, this paper analyses the relationship between collaboration with academics and innovation performance as well as the rationale behind it. Furthermore, it explores the moderating effect of marketization on this relationship by using the 375 innovative firms within 2008-2011. The results reveal that: (1) firms obtain the decreasing positive marginal effect from cooperation with academics in general; (2) higher marketization can compensate for decreasing positive marginal effect resulting from the excessive collaboration with public research organizations; and (3) firms are entitled to acquire the increasing positive marginal effect if marketization exceeds the certain point. It concludes by calling for balanced collaboration with academics but also the great initiatives of government to improve the marketization significantly so as to benefit the firms more.
Nowadays, research about driving factors of original talents in original innovation is rarely carried out, especially pays little attention to influence of talents’ personality traits for original innovation. This study bases on statistical data about personality traits of 194 Nobel Prize winners in physics during 1901-2012, 375 academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 291 academicians of Academy of Engineering, discusses the components of personality and its dimension inoriginal innovation by method of explorative factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and evidence reasoning, starts comparative analysis about original innovation personality among Nobel Prize winners, academicians of Chinese academy, and finally explores part of reasons why Chinese scientific researchers haven’t got Nobel Prize.
Since China's introduction of the reform and opening policy, the rail manufacturing has been regarded as an illustration to realize the industrial transformation and strategic restructuring by system innovation. By researching on the innovative development course & status of China’s rail manufacturing, the basic course about rail transit equipment manufacturing industry developing by leaps and bounds has been discussed. Further, to enhance the China manufacturing innovation ability, integration ability and the coordinated ability, the laws of the strategic reorganization and the unique transformational development have been made known, by way of making an analysis on the comparative advantage of resources and innovative system between home and abroad and building the platform of system innovation. And from that, some valuable conclusions and recommendations for development of China’s rail transit equipment manufacturing industry in coming decade.
Based on the contagion model of social network theory, using China's 31 provinces’ technology market contracts of electronic information field and biological medicine field in 2006-2010 as data, this paper expands the knowledge production function by introducing variables of network node behavior, then examines electronic information field and biological medicine field’s influence of interregional technology transfer network on regional innovation output, and discuss the regulation of regional knowledge absorptive capacity, in order to reveal the relationship between interregional technology transfer network, knowledge absorptive capacity and regional innovation output. The results show that: (1) Interregional knowledge spillovers model has obvious technical field characteristics, electronic information field trend to acquire new knowledge through imitating the behavior of competitors with similar structure; biological medicine field trend to acquire new knowledge in mutual network. (2) Knowledge absorptive capacity has regulating effect on relationship between interregional technology transfer network and regional innovation output, regions with high and low absorptive capacity can both achieve regional technology innovation’s aim through embedding interregional technology transfer network.
The learning and innovation behavior of technological small and micro enterprises is fundamentally different from that in medium and large companies. This paper brings forward the framework of regional innovation environment, and investigates the effect of regional elements environment, culture environment and policy environment on small and micro enterprises’ exploration learning, exploitation learning and competitiveness of new products. The hypothesis tested based on data collected from 253 technological small and micro enterprises in Pearl River Delta. The result shows that regional innovation environment has a positive influence on small and micro enterprises’ exploration learning, regional culture and policy environment has positive influence on its exploitation learning. Small and micro enterprises’ exploration learning have a positive effect both on its new product’s differentiation and customer satisfaction, and fully mediate the positive relationship between regional innovation environment and customer satisfaction. At the same time, Small and micro enterprises’ exploration learning has a partially mediation effect both on the positive relationship between regional elements environment and new product’s differentiation and the positive relationship between regional culture environment and new product’s differentiation, and also have a fully mediation effect on the positive relationship between regional policy environment and new product’s differentiation. moreover, mall and micro enterprises’ exploitation learning has a positive influence on new product’s customer satisfaction, and has a fully mediation effect both on the positive relationship between regional elements environment and new product’s customer satisfaction and the positive relationship between regional policy environment and new product’s customer satisfaction.
R&D alliances serve as an important strategic choice for innovation resources shortages have attracted much attention. Based on alliance control and the products innovation theory, this study explores the impact of alliance control on the radical innovation. Results demonstrate that output control has a positive influence and process control has an inverted U-shaped effect on alliance radical innovation; this inverted U-shaped relationship is stronger when interfirm trust is high. Moreover, this research suggests that output control and process control complement each other in dealing with firm’s radical innovation.
