Innovation researchers are still considering development as mere economic growth without much focus on the social impacts of technological change. This tradition has emerged from a broader understanding of development that includes not only economic but also social and political dimensions. There has been a dislocation within innovation-driven development. After analyzing the studies on innovation and development and their interaction relationship, this article recognizes that they have much in common, the connection of innovation and development is the requirement of both. Innovation should drive social development which includes economic growth, elimination of poverty, protection of environment, improvement of education and healthcare, social equity and so on. This assumption has some important implications for the innovation and development of policy-making process.
Based on the data of " survey on public image of science and technology professionals ",this paper analyzes the public’s intention to pursuit science career and its influence factors. The result shows that science career has relatively high attractiveness to the public of China. All of personal interest factors, career values factors, social capital factors and demographic factors have great impact on the intention to pursuit science career. Specifically, whether to participate in science and technology related societies, whether the scientists are in the social relationships, and the evaluation on the social contribution, social prestige and occupational power of scientists are the main influence factors of the intention to pursuit science career of the public. Based on these findings, this study proposes some corresponding policy suggestions.
The rapid development of inter- and transdisciplinary research has given many challenges to the related grant and management mechanism. Behind the contradiction and disagreement is the deferent understanding of key five key issues about inter- and transdisciplinary research. Based on the literature review, through summarizing the main findings about the definition and concept, the purposes, key success factors and the grant and evaluation of inter- and transdisciplinary research, the paper finds that integration is the key element of inter- and transdisciplinary research, the grant aim of which should be advancing the effective integration to promote the development of inter/transdisciplinary research.
In 2013, CPC Third Plenary Session released The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Important Issues of Comprehensively Deepening, in which the CPC decided to ‘strengthen Chinese feature of the new think tank construction and establish the decision-making consultation system’. Thus, Chinese think tanks step into golden times. Compared to think tanks in developed countries, Chinese think tanks lack influence in the public domain. Based on the impact of different objects, this paper chooses 39 think tanks as samples and measures the think tank influence in three dimensions, including policy influence, academic influence and social influence. Then the paper also analyzes empirically the relationship between think tanks scale and think tanks influence which also include the moderating effect of think tanks characteristic and the mesomeric effect of think tanks products. The result shows that think tanks scale has the significant effects on the think tanks influence. And the mesomeric effect of think tanks products influenced the relationship between think tanks scale and think tanks influence, but the moderating effect has no obvious effect on the relationship between think tanks products, think tanks scale and think tanks influence. This paper gives some advice on how to accelerate pace of development of think tanks.
By original innovation forces, the paper presented sorts innovation into two types, namely "Science-based innovation" and "Technology-based innovation" and correspondingly sorts industries into "Science-based industries" and "Technology-based industries". In the past three decades, China surpassed developed countries in some industries while lagged behind and hard to catch up in other industries. It is hard to catch up with developed countries in such industries because there are unique developing disciplines in these industries and we have not figure it out clearly. To solve this problem, we first purposed both qualitative and quantitative definitions of science-based innovation and science-based industries respectively. Second, we identified typical science-based and technology-based industries. Finally, we purposed industries-science correlation index and analyzed its properties.
This paper systematically combed the research progress of national innovation system (NIS) and its internationalization and related theories. Based on the previous relevant "structure - subject" model, we constructed the “Elements – Institutions – Functions - Phases” four dimensional analysis model of the internationalization of national innovation system from the systematic and dynamic point of view. Then according to some evaluation principles, such as scientific, systematic, authoritative, feasibility and so on, we designed the evolution system of the level of internationalization of national innovation system, making full use of the underlying indexes and data from the international authoritative innovation evaluation reports. Furthermore, we evaluated the internationalization level of 21 nations’ innovation system including China. The results showed that the overall level of U.S. national innovation system scores the highest. While China’s scores ranked after all the developed countries’ and before all the developing countries’. Especially on the functional dimension, there is a notable gap between China and the developed countries. Finally, the learning object and improving content of China’s national innovation system internationalization development were cleared.
Based on the perspective of environmental externality of industrial agglomeration, this paper uses the panel data of China’s provinces from 1999 to 2012 and analyzes how industrial agglomeration, the linkage of industrial agglomeration and technological innovation impact on environmental pollution. Furthermore, we divide the sample into two groups, coastal provinces and inland provinces, then examine if there exists regional disparity. The results show that: (1) The relationship between agglomeration and pollution is inverted-U-shaped and technological innovation acting as an important factor determines the location of the turning point. (2) Almost all of the provinces locate on the left side of the inverted-U-shaped curve, which means China’s industrial agglomeration has not possessed a positive environmental externality. (3) Coastal provinces achieve a higher position on the curve than inland provinces, which means coastal provinces with higher level of industrial agglomeration as well as more pollution. However, the emission abatement induced by technological innovation of inland provinces is much more significant than coastal provinces, which means that the positive externality of industrial agglomeration of coastal provinces is decreasing and that its development of agglomeration has entered a bottleneck period.
Based on 425 China and Russia’s technology innovation policies from 1990 to 2012, this paper selects 20 variables from three aspects as policy objectives, policy instruments and policy execution to describe the bilateral policy panorama, and uses binary logistic regression method to compare the differences between China and Russia’s technology innovation policies evolution in four stages as well as full stage. The study finds that: China is more concerned about the objectives of technology development, technology exports and the transformation of technological achievements, Russia emphasizes more on technology transfer and absorption; A variety of policy instruments are used more significantly in Russia; China and Russia are different in the level of policy promulgation agencies, and Russia has issued more technology innovation policies in the legal form.
This paper construct cyclical reaction function of R&D intensity and investigate the asymmetric effect of business cycle to R&D intensity using annual panel data for 30 provinces & cities of China over the period from 1998 to 2011. The empirical result shows: R&D intensity of China moves counter-cyclically, each stage of business cycle has significant asymmetric impact on R&D intensity. The negative impact of economic expansion on R&D intensity is stronger than the positive impact of economic recession so that continuous business cycle has negative effect on R&D intensity, which is stronger in western area. Therefore, different science and technology policy should be applied in each period of economic cycle and each region.
How to allocate the budget for national research institutes (NRIs) according to their positions and to improve the efficiency of the budget, is an important issue in the fields of government S&T investment and NRIs management. Three kinds of positions of NRIs are proposed in this study, which are for serving the national demands, pursuing the frontiers of science and technology, and meeting the market needs, respectively. Different allocation models based on these three different kinds of positions are analyzed by case studies on National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the U.S., the German Max Planck Society and the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft. Subsequently, three kinds of models, naming project-based task-oriented model, people-based discipline-oriented model, and funding matching-based market-oriented model, are summarized. At last, suggestions are offered regarding to the budget appropriation problems for NRIs in China, which include making clear positions for NRIs, allocating budget based on the positions, and establishing performance accountability mechanism.
After entering WTO, China's intellectual property protection legislation is already quite complete, the actual level of intellectual property protection in China mainly depends on the level of law enforcement. Measurement for the level of law enforcement of intellectual property rights protection has involved multiple levels and departments. It is complex and more difficult to measure. This paper will construct the law enforcement level index system of China's intellectual property protection. The index system involves all aspects of society and the relevant law enforcement departments. It covers the main types of intellectual property and tries to choose the index which can reflect directly the actual level of law enforcement. This paper uses the index system to measure and analyze the level of law enforcement of the Intellectual Property Protection in China from 2001 to 2012.
Wu li, Shi li, Renli (WSR) has been used to analysis resource integration, cooperation management order and relationship coexistence intimacy of the stability of R&D alliance in this paper. Based on the knowledge characteristics, the finding of this paper has shown that the intellectual property risks which is initiated by the implicit, complexity and systematicness of the knowledge characteristics could affect the stability of R&D alliances. We analysis the mechanism of action, and then, using an empirical research to check out whether our conclusion is right or not.
With huge technical potential, carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is one of the important means to tackle climate change. At present, China's international cooperation with other nations in the field of CCS is very common, especially with European Commission. In international technical cooperation projects, whether the knowledge can be effectively shared closely related to the success of the whole cooperation. Based on the SECI model and combined with the practice of China-EU NEZC CCS cooperation projects, this study deeply analyzed the basis and condition of building a knowledge sharing model and preliminary established a knowledge sharing model that is suitable for international CCS cooperation projects to promote cooperation innovation and knowledge innovation between China and other nations in the field of CCS, and provide a reference model of knowledge sharing for other international cooperation projects.
Agricultural products supply chain (ASC) is different from industrial supply chain, knowledge sharing (KS) activities and corresponding influencing factors in the chain are different too. The paper establishes influencing factors model of KS in the specific ASC situation in China, the relevant empirical analysis is conducted with questionnaire and structure equation modeling (SEM). The results show that the ASC’s stability, informatization level, culture atmosphere have positive impact on KS effects; the chain’s length has significant negative impact on its stability, thereby it has negative impact on KS effects with knowledge distance between nodes. Relevant management enlightenment is obtained on the basis of empirical results.
The psychological capital is a kind of positive mental status. The organizational psychological capital is a shared positive mental state formed by the members during the organization development process. It is conducive not only to promote the organization to provide the necessary opportunities and resources to the members, but also to stimulate the work enthusiasm and motivation of the members, so it is able to enhance the organizational performance. Although the relevant theoretical experts have realized that the psychological capital has the important impact on the attitude, behavior and performance of the knowledge worker in the high and new tech enterprise. However, most of their research is based on the individual level. What’s more, they pay little attention to the effect of the human resource management practice. Based on above, the research aims to integrate the supportive human resource practice, the organizational psychological capital and the organizational performance into a theoretic model on the organizational level. Then the paper made an empirical study for 149 high and new tech enterprises. The research results showed the mechanism between the supportive human resource practice and the organizational financial performance and growth performance, indicated the partial mediation effect of the organizational psychological capital between them, and defined the importance of the organizational psychological capital construction.
Since the Financial Crisis in 2008, macro-economic and financial volatility has become the focus of academy. The Internet innovation, as a form of business-model innovation in the mid-late period of the current technology revolution, has made great impact in China’s macro-economy and financial industry. This article for the first time analyzed the function of Internet innovation on early warning and backward alleviation of macro-economic and financial volatility, used AHP method to form Internet Innovation Index, Macro-Economic Index, and Financial Stability Index, and used the historic data from 2006 to 2014 to test the theory.
This paper mainly researched the impact of ambidextrous routines on cooperative innovation performance, and did an empirical analysis in different culture contexts. On the basis of the literature review and theoretical analysis, we constructed the theoretical model, surveyed enterprises with strong R&D cooperation intensity and depth in the province of Shaanxi, Jiangsu and Guangdong, by field research and empirical analysis, the results show that, ambidextrous routines has different influences on the cooperative innovation performance in different culture contexts. In the three samples, there was significant differences between the relationship of exploitation routines and cooperative innovation performance; and there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between exploration routines and cooperative innovation performance in all three samples.
Service innovation network carries the characteristics of interpersonal relationships, highly embedded knowledge and lacking of formal intellectual property protection institutions. These characteristics enable serve firms to choose informal relational governance mechanisms to promote knowledge exchange and profit protection. However, the relational perspective cannot capture the complex and dynamisms of service innovation network, which need more comprehensive study of the joint effects of the contract-based governance and relational-based governance. Extant literature offers conflicting views regarding the effects of governance mechanisms on knowledge acquisition and service innovation. Based on a survey of 308 knowledge intensive service firms, the study addresses how relation-based governance mechanism and contract-based governance mechanism affect knowledge acquisition and service innovation. The results show that relation-based governance has positive effect on knowledge acquisition. Knowledge acquisition has the mediating effect between relation-based governance and service innovation. Moreover, relation-based governance and contract-based governance have a negative joint effect on knowledge acquisition. The findings provide important theoretical and managerial implications for collaborative innovation strategy in service sector.
