Abstract: In the process of scientific activities, the scientific community is not only faced with all the power conflicts between peers,also with the ones from the outside, which is not simply the intellectual or cognitive process, but a kind of profits competing and political process, how to prevent a handful of scientific elites use their discourse power to pursue personal benefits has become a common concern for the current management of science and technology.Contemporary democratic theorists believe that public accountability is an effective way to curb the abuse of power and achieve good governance. It is introduced public accountability theory in the field of political science and public administration into our study, the definition and kinds of public accountability of scientific community are deeply analyzed,and from aspects of the legal, political, governance,ethical,the approaches to achieving the public accountability is put forward,so as to provide better science and technology services to the public.