关键词: 资产专用性, 治理结构, 组织边界, 责权利机制, 交易成本, 大科学, 小科学, Asset Specificity, Governance Structure, Organizational Boundary, Mechanism of Responsibility,Right & Interest, Transaction Cost, Little Science, Big Science

Abstract: Highlighting the organizational differences between Little Science and Big Science is to reveal that the construction of Big Science project cannot follow the path of Little Science, because the “Big” or “Small”of Science is not merely a matter of numbers or quantity, but the very differences of Organizational Forms. In an extended model of Transaction Cost Theory, the causes of the different organizational forms between Little Science and Big Science are explained by the Asset Specificity. It is argued that, the Organizational Form of Little Science is mainly defined by the Market Governance Structure and the Organizational Boundary estabished by the mechanism of Spontaneous Responsibility, Decentralized Power and Strong Incentive, within which takes on Simple Dispersed Configuration; While Organizational Form of Big Science is mainly defined by the Bureaucracy Governance Structure and the Organizational Boundary estabished by the mechanism of Allocational Responsibility, Centralized Power and Week Incentive, within which takes on Complex Networked Configuration. Thus, the plan to optimize the University’s Little Science Mode by conducting the Big Science Project is infeasible, new management system and operation mechanism are needed.