Abstract: Combining directional distance function and SBM model, this paper proposed green development efficiency (GDE) index reflecting the goals of energy conservation, emissions reduction, and economic growth. On this basis, this paper then decomposed GDE for empirically analyzing the current status and regional difference and its causes of China’s green development. The results show that: (1) during the period of 2001-2014, China’s green development showed a sound development momentum. Technological innovation had promoted China’s green development effectively and technological gap between regions gradually had been narrowed. However, the management problem had been intensifying ever since the beginning; (2) relying on its strong technological innovation, green development in the eastern region develops well. And green development in the central and western regions lags behind respectively because of the expansion of technology gap and the intension of management issues; (3) as China's green development shows distinct spatial the characteristics, the focuses of promoting green development for China’s provinces are quite different. This paper formulated green development strategies for China’s 30 provinces from three aspects of promoting technological innovation, narrowing technological gap, and optimizing management, noting the direction of provincial green development.