• 中国科学学与科技政策研究会
  • 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所
  • 清华大学科学技术与社会研究中心
ISSN 1003-2053 CN 11-1805/G3

科学学研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 1441-1446.

• 科学学理论与方法 •    下一篇

论知识的存在论化及其问题-以个人知识的视角

陈强强,王大明   

  1. 中国科学院大学
  • 收稿日期:2017-02-21 修回日期:2017-05-03 出版日期:2017-10-15 发布日期:2017-10-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈强强

On ontological of knowledge and its problems—From the perspective of personal knowledge

  • Received:2017-02-21 Revised:2017-05-03 Online:2017-10-15 Published:2017-10-15

摘要: 目前,多数科学的实践论者主张,对知识的考察不应囿于认识论,而应将其扩张至存在论。由此,劳斯意义上的“地方性知识”引发了广泛的讨论。其中,拉图尔的观点最为激进,主张将知识存在论化,否定认识论的独立地位,以此破除主体性及传统二元论。然而,这种主张的问题也很尖锐:作为有意识的行动者的人的自主性是其他非人行动者并不具有的。而拉图尔却用赋予一切行动者能动性来消除这种本质差异只是在规避问题。早于拉图尔,同为科学的实践论者的波兰尼提出并论证了知识的默会根源,阐明了知识与人自身的内在关联,将作为表象着的主体的人与作为实践着的行动者的人很好地统一起来,实现了同时在认识论和存在论中对知识的考察与讨论,为我们提供了一条反思和批判知识存在论化的理路。

Abstract: At present, most advocates of scientific practice claim that investigating of knowledge should not be confined to the epistemology but to the ontology. Thus, the local knowledge of “Rouse” has been widely discussed. Among them, Latour's view is the most radical,he claim the knowledge ontology to get rid of the subjectivity and the traditional dualism. However, the defect of this claim is obvious and difficult to overcome.Because non-human actors does not has the autonomy of the conscious people,at the same time,Latour has given all actors agency to erase the essential difference of them. In fact,before Latour, Polanyi has demonstrated the tacit root of knowledge and illustrated the inner relation between knowledge and human beings.In addition,Planyi unified the investigation and discussion of knowledge between epistemology and ontology.it may be a way to reflect and criticize knowledge ontology.