Abstract: Abstract: In this paper, we used 30 provinces data of china from 1998 to 2011 and panel data of 50 states of America from 1987 to 2011, and analyzed of the difference between the two countries about how different R&D departments impact the total factor productivity via dynamic GMM Model. The results show that in China, the strongest impact is from industrial enterprises, and then the research institution and universities. Meanwhile, colleges and universities’ R&D input of the United States impact on TFP the most hardly, followed by enterprise, the last is the federal government's research institutions. In general, with respect to the relative maturity of the technology research and development system in the US, China's colleges and universities are received insufficient emphasis in R&D, there is still much room for improvement in inter-sector allocation and adjustment of R & D resources.

Key words: R&, D executive department