Abstract: The development of information and communication technologies have made modern scientific research organizations seem more and more networked and virtualized.After analysizing the important connotation of virtual science research organization this paper concludes that modern science research organizations have five characteristics:the research goals are same,researchers are complementary,the architectures are flexible,the resources are shared,the intellectual property rights are not clear.Then basing on the STS critical perspective,this paper points out that virtual research organizations have three problems:it will intensify the hierarchical trend of science community,it lacks the mechanism of institutional organization management,and it brings some new social problems.It is very important to construct good external development environment for our virtual research organizations according to the above problems.