Abstract: Credit management has been an important trends in science and technology policy and management in recent years, and management on organizational credits for research program performers is actually a new requirement on national level. To support the relevant policies, the focus of this article is the connotation and mechanism of the concept of “organizational credits”. From the perspective of contractual relationship, it is demonstrated that contractual relationship between research program performers and funding agencies is the basis for the former’s organizational credit, and the imperfection of contract actually determines the imperfection of credit. Then the basic model of organizational credit is constructed to illustrate the form mechanism of credit. Finally, combined with facts and situations in Chinese science and technology communities, some relevant suggestions about future policy making in credit managements are raised.