Abstract: The influence of talents on high-quality economic development depends not only on the talent elements themselves, but also on the matching conditions with other factors, such as technical, economy, regime and so on. Based on the logic, we thought of the technical efficiency as high-quality economic development, and classified talents according to some character, to probe the influence of talent’s factor resource matching on high-quality economic development by utilizing trans-log production function and panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China (excluding Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) from 2002 to 2016. We find that, (1)the distortion of talent’s factor resource matching does exist and can explain the loss of technicall efficiency; (2)R&D talents could significantly promote economic growth, whereas educated talents can’t. (3)The matching efficiency of educated talents and R&D talents in the east, central and west regions is quite different, which is manifested in effects such as regional matching, structural complementation, industrial matching and sectoral matching on technical efficiency and economic high-quality development in different regions. Therefore, while introducing and cultivating talents, it is more necessary to create a good market, industry and institutional environment to make talents with other production or innovation factors well matched. In addition, it is also necessary to take the coordination of the allocation of talents between regions into account.