Abstract: The pilot and demonstration plays an important role in technological innovation. The research on pilot and demonstration model is the foundation of the pilot and demonstration research, while the current pilot and demonstration models are lacking of the theoretical support. Exploratory case study on pilot and demonstration activities in 3 typical enterprises were carried out to explore factors influencing the pilot and demonstration model construction and differences of pilot and demonstration models in different enterprises. Studies have shown that four factors of enterprise environment and enterprise characteristics affect the construction of pilot and demonstration model: the "industry status" and "government support" lay the foundation for the construction of the pilot model, which influences the pilot and demonstration model construction through the role of the pilot and demonstration capacity. The "production characteristics" and "technical ability" influences the pilot and demonstration model construction through pilot and demonstration characteristics, and difference of "production characteristics" and "technical ability" determines the differentiation of the pilot and demonstration model. In addition, the research has refined three typical patterns. Different models have different characteristics, and the enterprise needs to match the management mechanism that adapts to them. It enriches the research on pilot and demonstration operation management theory, and provides the necessary reference for constructing the reasonable pilot and demonstration model.