Abstract: The “Retrospective research” is an important methods of academic research. Through it, select a period, to refine and screen the backtracking on an event, especially after it has been completed, find out the implicit rules and representative trends by the event, and provide some practical solutions to the facing problems by the similar events in the future. The two strategic plan and target selected in this paper are all defined officially and publicly by Japan ,and similar to the other countries’ ones. When discussing the “Human Frontier Science Program”, it bases on the research significance of Japan's national strategic plans and objectives, selects the period from the formulation and implementation to the present in 30 years, it reviews and explains the original intention and status quo of the plan. Then, compares with the latest “Society 5.0” goal set at the national background for Japan, try to provide predictions for the future direction of “Society 5.0” by discovering the implicit internal context of the two. Finally, on a larger level, it provides practical references for the formulation and implementation of national strategic plans that is not limited to Japan only.