Abstract: S&T societies are important supporting force for the construction of national innovation system, and is of great significance for implementing the innovation-driven strategy and promoting innovation development. However，the existing evaluation activities lack specificity and global comparison. Reference to social organization performance-appraising researches, this paper used the cases of some world class scientific societies and the interview materials of leaders from 30 scientific societies to analyze the connotation of the comprehensive capability of world class scientific societies via the grounded theory approach. And then, based on the SPO model, We designed a three-level evaluation index system which deriving from the three elements of organization, cohesion and influence. By building a framework for the evaluation of the comprehensive capability of world class scientific societies, the governance capacity of Chinese scientific societies would be improved through benchmarking.