Abstract: With the increasing integration of S&T and economic development, there has been growing awareness of the importance of commercialization of academic science in universities and research institutes. The gender disparities during academic commercialization has also attracted more and more attention. This paper presents a systematic review of research on the gender disparities during the process of academic commercialization and the theoretical explanation and empirical studies on the gender disparities. Further, the individual factors, social structural factors, organizational factors and other factors have been identified as the explanation framework of gender disparities during academic commercialization, which expanded the existing theoretical explanation framework. Finally, the limitations of existing researches were discussed and the direction of future research in this field were proposed.