Abstract: With the change of human production and life style, the threat of sudden public health crisis to human beings is gradually approaching. The pneumonia outbreak of 2019-nCoV has issued an urgent warning to humans. Based on the existing public health crisis management system in China is discussed, low the public health crisis response capability of local government, emergency supplies lag, ack of social mobilization, and weaken the public's awareness of the infectious disease prevention and control problems are analyzed. It puts forward the governance concept of insisting on people-oriented, governing by law, harmonious coexistence between man and nature and giving play to the advantages of the socialist system. Specific measures are put forward from the aspects of public health crisis prevention system, emergency response mechanism, social mobilization mechanism, capital input and international cooperation mechanism to realize the modernization of public health crisis management.